The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Pages 317-339

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 317... ... Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d EC50 622 1 Zhu et al., 2009 Nano form Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d LC50 1,511 1 Zhu et al., 2009 Nano form Elasmopus rapax FW Mortality 4-d LC50 950 1 Wong et al., Nano form, based on dissolved ion 2010 concentrations Elasmopus rapax FW Mortality 4-d LC50 370 1 Wong et al., Bulk form 2010 Elasmopus rapax FW Mortality 4-d LC50 1,190 1 Wong et al., Nano form 2010 Radix luteola FW Mortality 4-d LC50 42,670 1 Ali et al., 2012 Nano form Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 12,400– 2 Blinova et al., Nano form, depends on river water used thermophila rate 2010 16,400 Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 12,000– 2 Blinova et al., Bulk form, depend on river water used thermophila rate 2010 16,600 Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 9,400 1 Blinova et al., Nano form thermophila rate 2010 Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 27,100 1 Blinova et al., Bulk form thermophila rate 2010 Tetrahymena FW Mortality 0.17-d EC50 3,900 1 Mortimer et al., Nano form thermophila 2010 Tetrahymena FW Mortality 0.17-d EC50 3,700 1 Mortimer et al., Bulk form thermophila 2010 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d LC50 240 1 Heinlaan et al., Bulk form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d NOEC 50 1 Heinlaan et al., Bulk form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d LC50 180 1 Heinlaan et al., Nano form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d NOEC 30 1 Heinlaan et al., Nano form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 2-d EC50 140 1 Blinova et al., Nano form platyurus 2010 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 2-d EC50 190 1 Blinova et al., Bulk form platyurus 2010 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 2-d EC50 1,100– 2 Blinova et al., Nano form, depends on river water used platyurus 2010 6,000 317 continued Read the entire page →
From page 318... ... zooxanthellae, al., 2018 (nanoparticles > 50% of the total particles) , bleaching minimal test concentrations Fish Danio rerio FW Hatch 3-d LOEC 10,000 2 Xia et al., 2011 Nano form, iron doped, only one concentration Danio rerio FW Survival 3-d NOEC 10,000 2 Xia et al., 2011 Nano form, iron doped, only one concentration Danio rerio FW Mortality 4-d LC50 2,525 1 Yu et al., 2011 Bulk form Danio rerio FW Mortality 4-d LC50 3,969 1 Yu et al., 2011 Nano form Danio rerio FW Mortality 4-d LC50 1,550 1 Zhu et al., 2008 Bulk form Danio rerio FW Hatch 3.5-d EC50 2,066 1 Zhu et al., 2008 Bulk form Danio rerio FW Mortality 4-d LC50 1,793 1 Zhu et al., 2008 Nano form Danio rerio FW Hatch 3.5-d EC50 2,065 1 Zhu et al., 2008 Nano form Amphibian Xenopus laevis FW Mortality 3.8-d NOEC 500,000 1 Bacchetta et al., Nano form 2012 Xenopus laevis FW Length 4-d NOEC 3,160 1 Nations et al., Nano form 2011 Xenopus laevis FW Deformation 4-d EC50 10,300 1 Nations et al., Nano form 2011 Xenopus laevis FW Stage 4-d NOEC 31,600 1 Nations et al., Nano form 2011 Read the entire page →
From page 319... ... FW Abundance 6-d NOEC 50,000 1 Ji et al., 2011 Nano form Scenedesmus acutus FW Population growth 4-d NOEC 24.7 1 Meng et al., Nano form var. acutus rate 2018 Scenedesmus acutus FW Population growth 4-d LOEC 661 1 Meng et al., Nano form var. Read the entire page →
From page 320... ... TABLE E.9 Continued 320 Organism Biological Effect Value Group Species FW/SW Measurement Statistic (μg/L) Category Citation Additional Considerations Corophium volutator FW Mortality 63-d NOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Mortality 63-d NOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Invertebrate Stylophora pistillata SW Photosynthetic 35-d NOEC 24 2 Fel et al., 2019 Unfiltered natural seawater used; measured (coral) Read the entire page →
From page 321... ... Findings from these studies are not typically used in ecological risk assessment without links to population-relevant endpoints, but may be informative to understanding mode(s) of action. Read the entire page →
From page 322... ... IC50 8,185 Gao et al., 2016 mophila inhibition Invertebrate Daphnia magna Phototactic response 48-h response: 35% latent response over controls at 200 µg/L Boyd et al., 2021 21-d response: no difference from controls Invertebrate (coral) Pocillopora damicornis Metabolomic profiling 7-d exposure at 1,000 µg/L Stien et al., 2020 Metabolomic compound 14 was not affected by exposures Fish Carassius auratus Acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) Read the entire page →
From page 323... ... and oxidative stress (SOD, CAT) Transient expression of antioxidant genes that resolved to normal levels during recovery. Read the entire page →
From page 324... ... Pocillopora damicornis Polyp retraction 7-d LOEC 1,000 He et al., 2019c (adult fragments) Fish Oryzias latipes Oxidative stress markers ROS not induced with exposures to 12.2 µg/L (50 nM) Read the entire page →
From page 325... ... Pocillopora damicornis Polyp retraction 7-d exposure at 1,000 µg/L caused sustained polyp retraction Stien et al., 2020 Metabolomic profiling Metabolome not altered from control 325 Read the entire page →
From page 326... ... with significant dif Oxidative stress ferences from controls at the lowest test concentration and above (228–11,400 µg/L) Invertebrate Tetrahymena ther- Rh123 (cationic fluorescent dye) Read the entire page →
From page 327... ... Invertebrate (coral) Pocillopora damicornis Polyp retraction 7-d LOEC 1,000 He et al., 2019b (adult fragments) Read the entire page →
From page 328... ... Gonad histology was also disrupted in both sexes at 394 µg/L. Fish Danio rerio Gene expression of hormonal pathways 14-d exposure nominal: 3.0 or 3,000 μg/L; measured 2.2 and 890 Zucchi et al., 2011b (adult males) Read the entire page →
From page 329... ... Fish Danio rerio Development Exposure concentrations: 1, 10, 100 µg/L Zhou et al., 2019b (F0 120 dpf [exposure 3-d hatch rate 4 mos] , F0 NOEC 1 µg/L LOEC 10 µg/L F1 embryos +/– octinox- F1 (– octinoxate) Read the entire page →
From page 330... ... Qualitative presentation of histological sections showing increased staining with increased treatment exposure. Fish Danio rerio Biomarkers of developmental toxicity, Developmental deformities were observed at 72 and 96-hpf at Nataraj et al., 2020 embryos oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, histology 12,400 and 62,000 µg/L Hatching rate -- no effect Decreased heart rate at 72 and 96-hpf at 62,000 µg/L Oxidative stress/antioxidants Neurotoxicity -- acetylcholine esterase inhibited at 62,000 µg/L Histopathology: moderate changes in yolk sac and muscle abnor malities were observed Read the entire page →
From page 331... ... Fish Danio rerio Thyroid hormone levels Exposure 290.4, 871.2, 2,904.0, 8,712.1 µg/L Chu et al., 2021 (adult males and larvae) Gene expression Thyroid hormones 21-d adult male and 120-h larval exposure had decreases in thy Neurotoxicity roid hormones at 290.4-871.2 µg/L (1–3 µM) Read the entire page →
From page 332... ... Metabolic activity 7-d LOEC 100 Thorel et al., 2020 Invertebrate Tetrahymena thermo- Growth Inhibition 24-h EC50 > 15,000 Gao et al., 2013 philia Cell viability 6-h NOEC > 15,000 Oxidative stress response 24-h No effect (at 1 mg/L) Invertebrate Tetrahymena thermo- Evaluation of P-glycoprotein activity 60-min NOEC 360 Gao et al., 2016 philia using rhodamine 123 accumulation Invertebrate Chironomus riparius Electron transport chain activity 48-h NOEC < 0.23 mg/kg WW (measured, significant at all Campos et al., 2017 (water-sediment study, increase concentrations) Read the entire page →
From page 333... ... Fish Danio rerio Multiple hormonal activities 28-d Increasing responses at increasing concentrations of 28.61, Zhang et al., 2016 Ovary histological changes 505.62, and 1,248.70 Gene expression related to hormonal activity Fish Oryzias latipes GSI, HSI 28-d Increases at 500 μg/L Yan et al., 2020 Fertility 28-d No statistical effect compared to controls Plasma sex hormones and vitellogenin 28-d Increase in males 5 μg/L and higher, females 50 μg/L and levels higher Gene expression related to hormonal 28-d Increase at 5 μg/L and higher activity Fish Danio rerio Gene expression related to brain and Alteration of transcription of certain genes at 383 μg/L Blüthgen et al., 2014 liver function and hormonal activity 333 Read the entire page →
From page 334... ... Invertebrate Cassiopea frondosa Swim speed/direction 72-h LOEC 22.8 Fitt and Hofmann, 2020 (planulae) Invertebrate Daphnia magna Feeding behavior 24-h NOEC > 400 Pablos et al., 2015 Invertebrate Chironomus riparius ECR gene expression 24-h No effect Ozáez et al., 2013 USP gene expression 24-h Sig. Read the entire page →
From page 335... ... Invertebrate (coral) Pocillopora damicornis Polyp retraction 7-d LOEC > 1000 He et al., 2019a (adult fragments) Read the entire page →
From page 336... ... Various genes: esr1, ar, cyp19b 14d Significant decrease at 84 cyp1a1 14d Significant increase at 312 VTG gene liver 14d No effect VTG plasma 14d No effect Testes hsd17b3 gene 14d Significant decrease 84 Testes cyp19a gene 14d Significant increase 2.4 Fish Danio rerio Sex ratio 60-d NOEC 100 (191 measured) Kinnberg et al., 2015 (larvae) Read the entire page →
From page 337... ... Core clock activity and obe- Kopp et al., 2017 (larvae) Lipid metabolism sogenic effects, as visualized and quantified by fluorescent lipid Circadian rhythms staining in the trunk area between the gall bladder and proximal intestine Fish Danio rerio Thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4) Read the entire page →
From page 338... ... TABLE F.6 Continued 338 Trophic Group Species/Taxon Biological Measurements Observations (µg/L) Citation Fish Danio rerio Sex ratio F0: 42-dpf sex ratio disrupted at 2.3 and 38 μg/L, no intersex Xu et al., 2021 (multigenerational) Read the entire page →
From page 339... ... Stimulation of thyroid hormone synthesis, thyroid gland development, and thyroid hormone metabolism– tran scriptional changes Fish Danio rerio Oxidative stress markers measured in 7-d exposure indicated an oxidative stress event with early anti- Huang et al., 2020 liver: SOD, GST, GSH, MDA oxidant responses depressed, supporting evidence with increases Treatments: 0.5 mg/L or 5 mg/L in glutathione, the initial event was neutralized by 14-d with Duration: 7-d or 14-d. most antioxidant levels returning to control levels – Indicator of oxidative damage (MDA) Read the entire page →

From page 317...

... Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d EC50 622 1 Zhu et al., 2009 Nano form Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d LC50 1,511 1 Zhu et al., 2009 Nano form Elasmopus rapax FW Mortality 4-d LC50 950 1 Wong et al., Nano form, based on dissolved ion 2010 concentrations Elasmopus rapax FW Mortality 4-d LC50 370 1 Wong et al., Bulk form 2010 Elasmopus rapax FW Mortality 4-d LC50 1,190 1 Wong et al., Nano form 2010 Radix luteola FW Mortality 4-d LC50 42,670 1 Ali et al., 2012 Nano form Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 12,400– 2 Blinova et al., Nano form, depends on river water used thermophila rate 2010 16,400 Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 12,000– 2 Blinova et al., Bulk form, depend on river water used thermophila rate 2010 16,600 Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 9,400 1 Blinova et al., Nano form thermophila rate 2010 Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 27,100 1 Blinova et al., Bulk form thermophila rate 2010 Tetrahymena FW Mortality 0.17-d EC50 3,900 1 Mortimer et al., Nano form thermophila 2010 Tetrahymena FW Mortality 0.17-d EC50 3,700 1 Mortimer et al., Bulk form thermophila 2010 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d LC50 240 1 Heinlaan et al., Bulk form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d NOEC 50 1 Heinlaan et al., Bulk form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d LC50 180 1 Heinlaan et al., Nano form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d NOEC 30 1 Heinlaan et al., Nano form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 2-d EC50 140 1 Blinova et al., Nano form platyurus 2010 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 2-d EC50 190 1 Blinova et al., Bulk form platyurus 2010 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 2-d EC50 1,100– 2 Blinova et al., Nano form, depends on river water used platyurus 2010 6,000 317 continued