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Appendix F: Studies on Behavioral and Physiological Endpoints on Select Organic UV Filters
Pages 321-340

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From page 321...
... Appendix F Studies on Behavioral and Physiological Endpoints on Select Organic UV Filters The studies found in the appendix include in vivo and in vitro behavioral and physiological (genomic, biochemical/biomarker, and cell-based) assay systems for aquatic organisms.
From page 322...
... IC50 8,185 Gao et al., 2016 mophila inhibition Invertebrate Daphnia magna Phototactic response 48-h response: 35% latent response over controls at 200 µg/L Boyd et al., 2021 21-d response: no difference from controls Invertebrate (coral) Pocillopora damicornis Metabolomic profiling 7-d exposure at 1,000 µg/L Stien et al., 2020 Metabolomic compound 14 was not affected by exposures Fish Carassius auratus Acetyl cholinesterase (AchE)
From page 323...
... and oxidative stress (SOD, CAT) Transient expression of antioxidant genes that resolved to normal levels during recovery.
From page 324...
... Pocillopora damicornis Polyp retraction 7-d LOEC 1,000 He et al., 2019c (adult fragments) Fish Oryzias latipes Oxidative stress markers ROS not induced with exposures to 12.2 µg/L (50 nM)
From page 325...
... Pocillopora damicornis Polyp retraction 7-d exposure at 1,000 µg/L caused sustained polyp retraction Stien et al., 2020 Metabolomic profiling Metabolome not altered from control 325
From page 326...
... Algae Chlorella sp. Chlorophyll content, Photochemical Photosynthesis impaired photosynthetic activity, increased Tian et al., 2021 efficiency and O2 rate, Photosynthetic levels of antioxidant enzymes and reactive oxygen species with electron transport, Oxidative damage, accumulation of oxidative damage (MDA)
From page 327...
... Invertebrate (coral) Pocillopora damicornis Polyp retraction 7-d LOEC 1,000 He et al., 2019b (adult fragments)
From page 328...
... by qRTPCR.- whole body and brain, μg/L. liver, testes Microarrays Altered gene expression in adult male fish related to GO processes Transcriptomic analysis involved in tissue remodeling, wound repair, immune system re sponse, inflammatory response, cell differentiation, DNA damage, Estrogen related genes (Vitellogenin 1 cell cycle regulation and apoptosis and were differentially altered and 3)
From page 329...
... Fish Danio rerio Development Exposure concentrations: 1, 10, 100 µg/L Zhou et al., 2019b (F0 120 dpf [exposure 3-d hatch rate 4 mos] , F0 NOEC 1 µg/L LOEC 10 µg/L F1 embryos +/– octinox- F1 (– octinoxate)
From page 330...
... F0, F1- and F1+ had elevated AchE was increased in F0 adults Sex hormone-related genes and F1 offspring with F1+ increased over F0 and F- at 10 and 100 µg/L after 5-d exposure. Oxidative stress (enzyme levels)
From page 331...
... Fish Danio rerio Thyroid hormone levels Exposure 290.4, 871.2, 2,904.0, 8,712.1 µg/L Chu et al., 2021 (adult males and larvae) Gene expression Thyroid hormones 21-d adult male and 120-h larval exposure had decreases in thy Neurotoxicity roid hormones at 290.4-871.2 µg/L (1–3 µM)
From page 332...
... Metabolic activity 7-d LOEC 100 Thorel et al., 2020 Invertebrate Tetrahymena thermo- Growth Inhibition 24-h EC50 > 15,000 Gao et al., 2013 philia Cell viability 6-h NOEC > 15,000 Oxidative stress response 24-h No effect (at 1 mg/L) Invertebrate Tetrahymena thermo- Evaluation of P-glycoprotein activity 60-min NOEC 360 Gao et al., 2016 philia using rhodamine 123 accumulation Invertebrate Chironomus riparius Electron transport chain activity 48-h NOEC < 0.23 mg/kg WW (measured, significant at all Campos et al., 2017 (water-sediment study, increase concentrations)
From page 333...
... Pocillopora damicornis Polyp retraction 7-d LOEC 1,000 (784 measured) He et al., 2019b (adult fragments)
From page 334...
... Cell morphology 7-d Increase cell volume at 1,000 Thorel et al., 2020 Chl a fluorescence 7-d Inhibition at 100 Metabolic activity 7-d Decrease at 100 Algae Chlorella sp and Photo-bleaching 7-d Effect at 2,280 Zhong et al., 2019 Arthrospira sp. Inhibition of photosynthetic and respi- Effect at 228 ratory processes Algae Chlamydomonas rein- Various cytotoxic biomarkers 24-h No effect Esperanza et al., 2019 hardtii Algae Microcystis aeruginosa Photosynthetic pigments; 10-d Significant decrease/increase at 1 and 1,000 Mao et al., 2017 chl-a /carotenoid Algae Chlamydomonas rein- Photosynthetic pigments; chl-a, 10-d Significant decrease at 0.1, 1, and 1,000 Mao et al., 2017 hardtii carotenoid Invertebrate Tetrahymena ther- Antioxidant enzymes 24-h Effects At lowest dose only increase in catalyze; decrease Gao et al., 2013 mophila in GSH Invertebrate Daphnia magna Metabolic rate 21-d 25% increase Boyd et al., 2021 Invertebrate Cassiopea xamachana Swim speed/direction 72-h LOEC 228 Fitt and Hofmann, 2020 (planulae)
From page 335...
... Invertebrate (coral) Pocillopora damicornis Polyp retraction 7-d LOEC > 1000 He et al., 2019a (adult fragments)
From page 336...
... Fish Carassius auratus Oxidative stress (IBR-integrated bio- 28-d IBR ≅ 3 (at 500) Liu et al., 2015 marker response)
From page 337...
... Motor behaviors ing in developmental neurotoxicity. Social behaviors Motor behavior and social behaviors affected at 10 µg/L and Immunohistochemistry for neuron higher when exposed between 6-24 hpf development Morpholino able to rescue the oxybenzone-induced developmen Apoptosis tal toxicity Cell proliferation Gene expression - axonal growth Fish Danio rerio Endocrine disruption 5-d Significant effect 0.5 μmol/L.
From page 338...
... Embryo developmental toxicity phenotype. F1: 24-hpf No significant effect on embryo movement.
From page 339...
... Stimulation of thyroid hormone synthesis, thyroid gland development, and thyroid hormone metabolism– tran scriptional changes Fish Danio rerio Oxidative stress markers measured in 7-d exposure indicated an oxidative stress event with early anti- Huang et al., 2020 liver: SOD, GST, GSH, MDA oxidant responses depressed, supporting evidence with increases Treatments: 0.5 mg/L or 5 mg/L in glutathione, the initial event was neutralized by 14-d with Duration: 7-d or 14-d. most antioxidant levels returning to control levels – Indicator of oxidative damage (MDA)
From page 340...
... Fish Pimephales promelas Vitellogenin induction 14-d exposure -- no in vivo effect up to 5,000 μg/L Kunz et al., 2006b (juvenile) Fish Carassius auratus Hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers en- 7, 14, 28-d exposures showed alterations in antioxidant system Liu et al., 2015 zyme activities: SOD, CAT, GST, GSH related to increased oxidative stress with some components Histopathology overwhelmed.


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