Defense Research Capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions Transitioning from Good Intentions to Measurable Outcomes (2022) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 17-30
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DoD employs almost onehalf of the federal STEM workforce (about 155,000 of 330,000 STEM workers across government) with a substantial portion employed in the defense industry and in defense-sponsored academic research (NSTC, 2021)
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13985, "Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government," to advance diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility across the federal government.4 However, over the past four decades through successive annual National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAAs) , Congress has also recognized the need to develop a diverse STEM workforce to support national security needs and has explicitly directed DoD to leverage HBCU/MIs.
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Many underrepresented minority students are educated and graduate from STEM disciplines from non-HBCU/MIs (many with established defense research programs) , and direct recruitment from abroad can also add to the STEM workforce (although citizen requirements can reduce this source in numbers and/or in time lost)
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called for "diversification of the research and engineering workforce of the Department of Defense." Recognizing that HBCUs and other MIs serve as a critical pathway to ensure development of these skill sets within a diversifying population and to "comprehensively address the national security and defense needs of the United States," Section 262 of the FY 2020 NDAA required the Secretary of Defense to enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct a study on the defense research capacity at HBCUs and other MIs. ABOUT THIS STUDY In response to the FY 2020 NDAA mandate, in June 2020 DoD requested that the National Academies examine the status of DoD research at HBCUs and MIs, including the methods and means necessary to advance research capacity at these institutions in order to comprehensively address the national security and defense needs of the United States.
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Representatives from institutions of higher education discussed institutional approaches to expanding capacity for their STEM and DoD-related research, barriers to success, and strategies for institutional transitions in the Carnegie classification. While the public sessions offered valuable information, the committee determined that candid observations from institutions around challenges to expanding research capacity and working with DoD could not be collected in an open forum.
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The first commissioned paper, by John Rosenthall of the Tougaloo College Research and Development Foundation, focuses on historical and current challenges and successes in stakeholder partnership efforts to build and expand research capacity at HBCU/MIs (Rosenthall, 2021)
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As an organizing principle, the committee determined that institutional capacity to conduct DoD-related research consists of three mutually enforcing areas (Figure 1-1; see also elaboration on this framework in Chapter 5) : • A strong institutional research and contract base, including appropri ate physical research facilities and skilled research support to enable competitiveness • Research faculty support, including an articulated vision and support for a research climate and culture by institutional leadership, faculty teaching workloads that allow time for research pursuits, and department/college based research staff and administrative support • Ancillary services, including effective human resources processes, legal/ contracting assistance, and robust government relations teams These three areas are necessary for an institution of higher education to most effectively compete for DoD research funding, successfully carry out the work that is funded, and position itself to build on that success to compete for
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colleges and universities into seven groups: doctoral universities, master's colleges and universities, baccalaureate 9 The committee's framework suggests there are three overarching areas to support the capacity to conduct DoD-related research. The committee notes other factors or indicators specific to each program announcement or solicitation that could be considered in assessing institutional research capacity.
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The committee believes that this subset of institutions provides a reasonably representative picture of the current issues facing a majority of HBCU/MIs that want to increase their DoD-related research. Second, to explore the potential contribution of HBCU/MIs that are less active in research, the committee developed a research spectrum of HBCU/MIs: ranging from undergraduate-centric institutions with little experience in sponsored research, to those that are "research engaged" and conduct limited grant-funded research, to those that are "research active" or are "highly research active." (For a fuller explanation of this spectrum, see Chapter 2.)
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Ancillary services encompass efficient human resources processes, an efficient legal affairs office, an effective public relations office, a robust government relations team, and effective institutional research foundation/ structures. Covered institutions: Covered institutions are defined as institutions of higher educa tion eligible for assistance under Title III or V of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
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Military department and defense agencies: DoD consists of three main departments -- the Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, and Department of the Air Force -- as well as defense agencies reporting directly to the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Minority institutions: As defined in the National Defense Authorization Act, minority institutions are HBCUs and other institutions of higher education with at least 50 percent minority enrollment.
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2014. Review of Army Research Laboratory programs for historically black colleges and uni versities and minority institutions.
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2021. Enhancing Department of Defense engagements with historically black colleges and universities and other minority serving institutions.
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