Defense Research Capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions Transitioning from Good Intentions to Measurable Outcomes (2022) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 37-64
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 37... ...
. The committee noted that there is no HSI-specific STEM investment program in DoD; rather, DoD investments for HSIs are included, without special preference or quota, within the targeted DoD HBCU/MI programs.
|
From page 38... ...
. The National Science Foundation also supports the Native Science Report, which was originally launched to focus on the agency's programs but has since expanded to connect TCUs with other research opportunities and research trends.5 The committee noted that there is no TCU-specific STEM investment program in DoD; rather, DoD investments for TCUs are included, without special preference or quota, within the targeted DoD HBCU/MI programs.
|
From page 39... ...
.c NTU offers multiple STEM degree programs (10 associate's, nine bachelor's, and one master's program) in industrial, electrical, mechanical, environmental, and chemi cal engineering.d The leadership and faculty at NTU have worked to increase student involve ment in STEM fields by building institutional research capacity and engaging in partnerships with universities, industry (e.g., Boeing Corporation's Metal AM Technologies)
|
From page 40... ...
In addition to considering Carnegie classifications, the committee developed a complementary classification of research activity against which to consider current and potential defense research and workforce contributions across the HBCU/MI landscape. Carnegie Classification System The Carnegie classification, created in 1970, categorizes U.S.
|
From page 41... ...
• Tribal colleges and universities: Institutions that are members of the American Indian Higher Education Consortium Within doctoral universities, the Carnegie classification distinguishes among R1 (very high research activity) , R2 (high research activity)
|
From page 42... ...
15 TOTAL HBCU/MI baccalaureate institutions and percentage of all 130/17.7% baccalaureate institutions Tribal Colleges and Universities/Baccalaureate and Associates Category Number of Institutions Four-year 15 Two-Year 20 TOTAL Tribal Colleges and Universities 35
|
From page 43... ...
8 Note: Specific Carnegie classifications (e.g., R1, R2) are not a criterion for DoD proposal submission or selection.
|
From page 44... ...
citizens as undergraduates, prioritizes teaching and students' learning, cultivates culturally strong ecosystems, and is not actively engaged in research or other DoD-funded projects. The other categories encompass the attributes of undergraduate-centric HBCU/MIs along with greater research infrastructure and an increasing degree to which an institution secures FIGURE 2-1 Generalized depiction of the research spectrum of HBCU/MI institutions.
|
From page 45... ...
This spectrum can also be used to guide institutions as they consider how to address challenges in expanding their defense research, as described later in the report. The committee observed that the degree to which a given HBCU/MI may place itself within the research spectrum in Figure 2-1 is strongly influenced by • the amount, types, continuity, and intended uses of resources invested over time; • the strategic priorities set and executed by successive leaders; • faculty interpretations of what is valued and rewarded; and • the strength, consistency, and durability of the academic and research infrastructures and support.
|
From page 46... ...
.10 HBCUs From 2010 through 2019, 1,617 doctorate degrees were awarded at HBCUs in the fields of life sciences, physical and earth sciences, mathematics and computer sciences, and engineering. Demographic data of enrolled students in doctorate programs from FY 2010 through FY 2019 show 42 Asian students, 115 white students, 747 underrepresented minorities (including Hispanics, American Indian/Alaska Native, Black)
|
From page 47... ...
.11 MSIs From 2010 through 2019, 3,684 doctorate degrees were awarded at all MSIs in the fields of life sciences, physical and earth sciences, mathematics and computer sciences, and engineering. Demographic data for enrolled students in doctorate programs from 2010 through 2019 show 161 Asian students, 803 white students, 877 underrepresented minorities (including Hispanics, American Indian/ Alaska Native, Black)
|
From page 48... ...
citizens (RTI International, 2021) .13 Underrepresented Minority Students in DoD STEM Research The committee was asked to focus on the role that DoD plays in enabling opportunities to advance research capacity at HBCU/MIs, as underutilized academic institutions that are rich in STEM research talent.
|
From page 49... ...
. As an example, underrepresented minority students received 208 doctorates in engineering from HBCU/MIs in the 2015-2019 time frame, but during that same period, underrep resented minority students earned more than 2,000 doctorates from non-HBCU/ MIs (RTI International, 2021)
|
From page 50... ...
Paper commissioned by the Committee on De fense Research at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Serving In stitutions. https://https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/defense-research-at-historically black-colleges-and-universities-and-other-minority-serving-institutions.
|
From page 51... ...
2019. Public and private disinvestments in historically black colleges and universities.
|
From page 53... ...
This chapter focuses on the scope and scale of DoD research funding, both broadly as well as funding to institutions of higher education, including targeted investments at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and other minority institutions (MIs)
|
From page 54... ...
. Appropriated S&T funds are managed and executed by the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and by several defense-wide program offices, including the Office of HBCU/MI Science Programs and other offices within the Office of the Secretary of Defense and defense agencies, such as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency.
|
From page 55... ...
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INVESTMENTS IN STEM RESEARCH 55 FIGURE 3-1 2019–2021 DoD S&T funding (in billions)
|
From page 56... ...
2020 (Enacted) DoD overall $685 100% $712.6 100% DoD RDT&E $95.9 14% of total DoD funding $104.5 14.7% of total DoD funding DoD S&T $15.7 2% of total; 16.4% of RDT&E $16.1 2% of total; 15.4% of RDT&E DoD basic $2.5 0.4% of total; 2.6% of RDT&E; $712.6 0.4% of total; 2.5% of research 16% of S&T RDT&E; 16% of S&T Note: RDT&E = research, development, test, and evaluation.
|
From page 57... ...
funding and its primary focus on executing academic research, any significant efforts by DoD to expand research capacity at HBCU/MIs that are capable and/or stand at the cusp of engaging in R&D research will need to access new funding or repurpose current funding streams beyond 6.1. S&T FUNDING PRIORITIES Here we provide a brief overview of the S&T organization, policy, and the funding ecosystem.
|
From page 58... ...
In 2021, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering listed the following modernization priorities: artificial intelligence, biotech, autonomy, cyber, directed energy, networked command and control, microelectronics, and quantum science.2 The military departments and defense agencies also have technical area priorities. What is not described in the National Security Strategy is the necessity to invest in the discovery-oriented S&T that will enable new priorities and new capabilities not yet envisioned (i.e., "DoD after next," or a more holistic approach designed to reshape methods for the conduct of all future DoD operations)
|
From page 59... ...
To address the study's charge and examine DoD's effectiveness in attracting and retaining talent from HBCU/MIs, the committee also requested information from military departments, defense agencies, and organizations throughout DoD to determine the number of students from HBCU/MIs who enter the DoD workforce. Of the organizations that responded, most stated that they did not collect these data.
|
From page 60... ...
It is important for those seeking to serve as DoD S&T performers to consider the potential applicability of their research to future decisive military capabilities. DOD S&T ORGANIZATION The DoD S&T enterprise is organized into three main segments, with organizations that do the following: • Set S&T policy • Invest S&T funds through grants, contracts, and technology investment agreements (formerly known as "other transaction authority")
|
From page 61... ...
A relevant example is the Office of the Secretary of Defense's HBCU/MI office, which runs an S&T program of nearly $50 million annually but executes that program through the military departments (DoD 2021b) .6 DoD S&T Investing Offices S&T investing offices, also called awarding agencies, are in the military departments and defense agencies, where each is organized differently.
|
From page 62... ...
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and Defense Threat Reduction Agency are the most significant investors in institutions of higher education.11 The committee heard from representatives and/or reviewed materials from most of the investing offices listed above. In terms of study scope, the committee did not consider DoD S&T investments made in medical research as much of this research at HBCU/MIs is sponsored by the Department of Health and Human Services.
|
From page 63... ...
University-Affiliated Research Centers University-affiliated research centers are strategic DoD research centers, each associated with a university. The centers were developed to ensure that essential engineering and technology capabilities, specifically identified and of particular importance to DoD, are maintained.
|
From page 64... ...
BOX 3-1 Distinct Legal Entities The study statement of task charged the committee with looking at "distinct legal entities" in the context of potentially helping build DoD research capacity in HBCU/MIs. This term covers a broad array of potential structures, some beyond the scope of this report.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.