Defense Research Capacity at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Other Minority Institutions Transitioning from Good Intentions to Measurable Outcomes (2022) / Chapter Skim
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3 Department of Defense Investments in STEM Research at Institutions of Higher Education
3 Department of Defense Investments in STEM Research at Institutions of Higher Education
Pages 53-74
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From page 53... ...
. DEFENSE RESEARCH FUNDING AND THE STUDY SCOPE The development of DoD's annual budget is a multi-step process that culminates in the House and Senate Armed Services Committees providing authorization and the Defense Appropriations Subcommittees appropriating funds.
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From page 54... ...
. Appropriated S&T funds are managed and executed by the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and by several defense-wide program offices, including the Office of HBCU/MI Science Programs and other offices within the Office of the Secretary of Defense and defense agencies, such as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency.
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From page 55... ...
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE INVESTMENTS IN STEM RESEARCH 55 FIGURE 3-1 2019–2021 DoD S&T funding (in billions)
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From page 56... ...
2020 (Enacted) DoD overall $685 100% $712.6 100% DoD RDT&E $95.9 14% of total DoD funding $104.5 14.7% of total DoD funding DoD S&T $15.7 2% of total; 16.4% of RDT&E $16.1 2% of total; 15.4% of RDT&E DoD basic $2.5 0.4% of total; 2.6% of RDT&E; $712.6 0.4% of total; 2.5% of research 16% of S&T RDT&E; 16% of S&T Note: RDT&E = research, development, test, and evaluation.
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From page 57... ...
funding and its primary focus on executing academic research, any significant efforts by DoD to expand research capacity at HBCU/MIs that are capable and/or stand at the cusp of engaging in R&D research will need to access new funding or repurpose current funding streams beyond 6.1. S&T FUNDING PRIORITIES Here we provide a brief overview of the S&T organization, policy, and the funding ecosystem.
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From page 58... ...
In 2021, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering listed the following modernization priorities: artificial intelligence, biotech, autonomy, cyber, directed energy, networked command and control, microelectronics, and quantum science.2 The military departments and defense agencies also have technical area priorities. What is not described in the National Security Strategy is the necessity to invest in the discovery-oriented S&T that will enable new priorities and new capabilities not yet envisioned (i.e., "DoD after next," or a more holistic approach designed to reshape methods for the conduct of all future DoD operations)
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From page 59... ...
.3 Perhaps as important as developing the technologies themselves, is that S&T, especially its basic and applied research categories, supports STEM graduate students and postdocs in academia (and some bench scientists and engineers in industry and government labs) , as they are the nation's and DoD's future STEM workforce.
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From page 60... ...
. Beyond DoD, other federal mission agencies organized to address health, environment, commerce, space, agriculture, intelligence, transportation, and energy issues have engaged academia, industry, and government labs in research relevant to their discrete mission areas.
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From page 61... ...
A relevant example is the Office of the Secretary of Defense's HBCU/MI office, which runs an S&T program of nearly $50 million annually but executes that program through the military departments (DoD 2021b) .6 DoD S&T Investing Offices S&T investing offices, also called awarding agencies, are in the military departments and defense agencies, where each is organized differently.
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From page 62... ...
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and Defense Threat Reduction Agency are the most significant investors in institutions of higher education.11 The committee heard from representatives and/or reviewed materials from most of the investing offices listed above. In terms of study scope, the committee did not consider DoD S&T investments made in medical research as much of this research at HBCU/MIs is sponsored by the Department of Health and Human Services.
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From page 63... ...
(These centers of excellence are distinct from the Office of the Secretary of Defense HBCU/MI Science Program's centers of excellence that are administered and awarded through the Army Research Laboratory and will be discussed in later chapters.) Industry Industry participates in DoD S&T through contracts with military department and defense agency research organizations.
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From page 64... ...
BOX 3-1 Distinct Legal Entities The study statement of task charged the committee with looking at "distinct legal entities" in the context of potentially helping build DoD research capacity in HBCU/MIs. This term covers a broad array of potential structures, some beyond the scope of this report.
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From page 65... ...
However, a recent example, worth watching over time, is the nonprofit Minority Serving R&D Consortium that has entered into a technology investment agreement with the Army Combatant Capabilities Development Com mand's Edgewood Chemical Biological Center. Regardless of the contract/grant type used to award DoD funds, the awarding agencies use an established, mostly online, standard solicitation and response process.15 Once funding is awarded, awarding agencies employ an established process to administer and eventually close out a contract or grant (GSA, 1994)
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From page 66... ...
University researchers and research administrators must be able to identify the DoD-sponsored programs for which they are competitive, examining the many opportunities found in every part of the broad DoD R&D enterprise and in national solicitation announcement vehicles (e.g., www.grants.gov)
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From page 67... ...
foster workforce diversity and entry of underrepresented minorities into STEM disciplines important to national defense. This program is coordinated with the military departments' research offices.
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From page 68... ...
Defense Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research Many opportunities for DoD support arise because an institution of higher education is located near a DoD research lab or other facility. In recognition that relevant expertise may rest elsewhere throughout the country, Congress mandated the creation of the Defense Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (DEPSCoR)
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From page 69... ...
Since FY 2003, DoD has contributed several million dollars per year, through an interagency agreement with NSF, to support Research Experiences for Undergraduates sites that focus on research relevant to DoD's interests. Currently, however, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research is the only DoD entity involved in ASSURE.
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From page 70... ...
Basic Research, Research Directorate, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering. https://basicresearch.defense.gov/Pilots/DEPSCoR-Defense-Established-Program-to-Stimulate-Competitive-Research.
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From page 71... ...
Scholarshipfor-Service Program and DoD National Defense Education Program for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. However, limited information was available to examine the effectiveness of these and other programs, including tracking progression of students along the pipeline and whether students from HBCU/MIs are entering the STEM workforce as DoD employees, in industry, 19 See NDSEG.sysplus.com.
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From page 72... ...
Two DoD programs designed to expand research capacity of institutions as well as support the future STEM workforce include the National Defense Education Program's SMART Scholarship Program and the DoD National Defense Education Program for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. The SMART Scholarship-for-Service Program provides students with a full STEM scholarship, internships, and guaranteed placement at a DoD lab or facility upon graduation.
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From page 73... ...
2021b. OIA's Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR)
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