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Oil in the Sea IV Inputs, Fates, and Effects (2022) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:

Glossary
Pages 427-434

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 427...
... Light hydrocarbons and those with a nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen crudes generally exceed 38° API and heavy crudes are com- atom are named polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs)
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From page 428...
... Biodegradation: a natural process in which microbes enzy- BTEX: abbreviation for the mixture of benzene, toluene, matically transform organic chemicals, such as oil, under ethylbenzene, and xylenes. aerobic or anaerobic conditions and typically resulting in cell growth; oil biodegradation usually requires nutrients, such as Bunker fuel: fuel oil used by ships for main propulsion or nitrogen and phosphorus; transformation may be complete, auxiliary power.
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From page 429...
... Dispersion: suspension of oil droplets in water accomplished Co-metabolism: simultaneous biodegradation of two com- by natural wind and wave action; production of biologipounds, in which the degradation of the second compound cal materials (biosurfactants) and/or chemical dispersant (the secondary substrate)
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From page 430...
... The shells of benthic metabolize or transform hydrocarbons (e.g., in crude oil or species are commonly divided into chambers that are added refined petroleum products)
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From page 431...
... Marine oil snow also forms when oil droplets, the collective suite of RNA transcripts extracted from a comdispersed, or dissolved oil chemicals interact with organisms munity of (micro) organisms to assess and profile which genes (mainly microbes and phytoplankton)
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From page 432...
... natural processes alone, without human intervention. Petroleum: synonymous with crude oil; a naturally occurring Natural dispersion: ability of oil to naturally disperse under complex mixture of thousands of different hydrocarbon and ambient environmental conditions.
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From page 433...
... Pseudo-components are used to reduce the thousands of individual molecules present in a crude oil mixture Saturated hydrocarbons: class of hydrocarbons that may be to a tractable number of quantifiable groups. straight-chain, branched-chain or cyclic, in which all carbon atoms have single bonds to either carbon or hydrogen.
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From page 434...
... Transcriptomics: study of the RNA transcripts in an organSubmerged oil: oil that is in the water column below the ism (i.e., the expression of the complement of genes that are water surface, such as dispersed oil droplets and neutrally active under specific conditions)
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Key Terms

  • oil droplets
  • polycyclic aromatic
  • crude oil
  • hydrogen sulfide
  • aromatic hydrocarbons

  • analytical method
  • oil chemicals
  • low molecular
  • molecular weight
  • aromatic compounds

  • complex mixture
  • oil snow
  • gas chromatogram
  • marine oil
  • refined petroleum

  • dispersed oil
  • named polycyclic
  • percentile organism
  • water column
  • synthetic crude

  • dissolved oil
  • petroleum compounds
  • including water
  • chemical dispersant
  • petroleum products

  • aromatic ring
  • crude oils
  • carbon atoms
  • carbon atom
  • oil spill


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