Measuring the Opportunity Gap for Children from Birth to Age Eight and Understanding Barriers to Access Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief (2021) / Chapter Skim
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Measuring the Opportunity Gap for Children from Birth to Age Eight and Understanding Barriers to Access: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Measuring the Opportunity Gap for Children from Birth to Age Eight and Understanding Barriers to Access: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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focused his presentation on the importance of the early developmental years for school readiness and future development and how investments in early development help narrow the opportunity gap. Although achievement gaps and opportunity gaps are See https://www.edglossary.org/opportunity-gap/.
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Using University of California student-level data for all cohorts born since 2000 and followed to the present, Johnson's team linked the student and financial data and then analyzed the data alongside key school reform policies. One of those reforms has been transitional kindergarten, which was designed to be a type of universal pre-K and a bridge from pre-K to kindergarten.
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Children from low-income families, who otherwise would not necessarily have access to quality pre-K environments, experienced the most dramatic improvement in academic achievement through attending transitional kindergarten. During the same time as the pilot transitional kindergarten program, California enacted the Local Control Funding Formula to increase state support of public K–12 schools, providing an $18 billion commitment over 8 years.
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cation, single Whites, and African Americans with less than a high school education. Analyzing health at birth is important, Currie said, "because there are many studies now linking birthweight to adult outcomes, such as completed education, child and adult health, and even future earnings." "Importantly, this is something that we know how to do something about," she added.
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Using data on preschoolers in Rhode Island, Currie showed preschool students' blood lead levels in two cohorts who were born before and after the state's lead remediation program. Currie explained that in the cohort born in 1998, before the program, the Black children have a higher distribution of blood levels than the White children and have a much higher incidence of having very high lead levels (more than 10 micrograms per deciliter)
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Herd noted that take-up rates can be as low as 30 to 40 percent and as high as 80 percent, but she said that an 80 percent take-up rate is not good enough: "It's not so great for us for the long term when people don't have good experiences." Learning Costs In terms of administrative burden, Herd defined the learning cost as the process by which one engages in the search process to collect information about public services and matching the services' relevance to one's need. As an example, Herd discussed the learning costs associated with social welfare programs provided through the tax system.
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. You really need to walk people through some of these really complicated programs." Herd concluded her presentation with a brief discussion of psychological costs -- how people feel and respond under chronic stress due to administrative burden.
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WIC COVID-19 Experiences COVID-19 policy changes have shaped administrative burden for SNAP and WIC beneficiaries. Barnes shared her team's multicounty study in partnership with North Carolina's Department of Health and Human Services, which analyzes SNAP, WIC, and Medicaid participation.
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KEY TAKEAWAYS The workshop presentations highlighted evidence demonstrating the measurable benefits of investing in early childhood education, as well as the cognitive and social benefits of early childhood education for young children. Programs such as transitional kindergarten show promise in improving school readiness for children, and research shows that the academic gains acquired through transitional kindergarten are evident in later grades.
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Department of Health and Human Services; Bainum Family Foundation; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Brady Education Foundation; Foundation for Child Development; Heising-Simons Foundation; and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.
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