Measuring Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation (2022) / Chapter Skim
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2 Principles and Concept Clarity
2 Principles and Concept Clarity
Pages 37-44
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From page 37... ...
. A key purpose of data collection is to gather information that can help researchers, policy makers, service providers, and other stakehold ers understand diverse populations and create policies, programs, and budgets that meet these populations' needs.
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From page 38... ...
Throughout all the steps of analysis and dissemination, data on sex, gender, and sexual orientation, which may be sensitive and vul nerable to misuse, has to be analyzed, maintained, and shared only under rigorous privacy and confidentiality standards. Similarly, when data are collected within tribal nations, preapproved tribal research and data collection, analytic, and dissemination protocols need to be followed to ensure data integrity and community benefit and to ensure that rigorous privacy and confidentiality standards are upheld.
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From page 39... ...
Moreover, most people do not recognize a conceptional distinction between sex terminology and gender terminology (Hall et al., 2021; Schudson, Beischel, and van Anders, 2019; Pryzgoda and Chrisler, 2000) , which is likely both a cause and a consequence of continued conceptual conflation and inconsistent use of terminology in data collection and everyday life (Stuhlsatz, Bracey, and Donovan, 2020)
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From page 40... ...
-- this can lead to misinterpretation or misapplication of these data to subsequent waves of data collection. Consideration of the experiences of two populations that fall under the LGBTQI+ umbrella, people with intersex traits and transgender people, highlights the problems with this approach.
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From page 41... ...
Conceptually, gender comprises identity, expression, and social status and norms, and without explicit direction regarding the dimension on which they should base their response, respondents may report their gender on the basis of any of these dimensions, although these dimensions may differ and may be fluid across social contexts. In many ways, the measurement of gender remains in its nascent stages, with research proceeding primarily along the lines of developing a two-step measure that seeks to identify transgender populations by separately assessing sex assigned at birth and gender identity.
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From page 42... ...
The English-speaking countries of Australia, Canada, and New Zealand and the countries of the United Kingdom, have all begun to revise their national data collection standards, and in some cases, their national census, to include measures of gender (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2021, 2020; Office of National Statistics, 2021; Statistics Canada, 2021; Stats NZ, 2021)
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From page 43... ...
Genderbased social structures and expectations can influence behaviors and both create or magnify differences that might otherwise appear to be based in biology due to correlations with sex as a biological variable; however, these processes can only be understood if measures of gender are also routinely collected by default. RECOMMENDATION 1: The standard for the National Institutes of Health should be to collect data on gender and report it by default.
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From page 44... ...
To address our statement of task, we attend to the constructs of sex and gender by focusing on the measurement of sex assigned at birth, gender identity, and intersex status in self-reported data collection efforts. Together, these measures allow for the identification of individuals for whom binary measures of sex serve as a poor proxy for sex traits, as well as those for whom sex and gender may be different.
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