Wind Turbine Generator Impacts to Marine Vessel Radar (2022) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 9-20
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From page 9... ...
In January 2021, the Biden Administration issued Executive Order 14008 calling for the establishment of a new American infrastructure and clean energy economy, and prioritizing the expansion of U.S. offshore wind development as part of a government-wide approach to address climate change (United States Office of the Press Secretary, 2021a)
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From page 10... ...
While the U.S. Coast Guard seeks to provide the mariner with safe access to ports that align with historical shipping routes by designating shipping safety fairways and traffic separation schemes adjacent to the wind energy areas, some marine traffic will still transit through the wind farms.
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From page 11... ...
identifies and designates Call Areas, which are areas with wind potential. With sufficient interest from developers and public comment, BOEM designates areas with potential for wind development as Wind Energy Areas, where leases can be 11 sold.
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From page 12... ...
Department of Defense, DOE, Federal Aviation Administration, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration signed a memorandum of understanding to establish the interagency Wind Turbine Radar Interference Mitigation Working Group (WTRIM) 5 to identify and develop mitigation solutions and strategies with an emphasis on WTG interference on aircraft and weather surveillance radar systems.
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From page 13... ...
from 2000 to 2020 (top) and Annual Installed Offshore Wind Capacity from 2000 to 2020, surpassing 5,000 MW in 2019 and 2020 (bottom)
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From page 14... ...
Due to their size, structure, and proposed placement offshore, the maritime community expressed concern that WTGs may cast radar shadows, obfuscating smaller vessels exiting wind facilities in the vicinity of deep draft vessels in Traffic Separation Schemes. Commercial fisheries representatives raised concerns about the limited amount of research conducted on this topic, in addition to other possible forms of radar interference that may preclude safe navigation within an offshore wind facility, such as radar clutter and mirror effects (false signaling)
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From page 15... ...
in the X-band and 3 GHz in the S-band, depending on vessel size) used in the vicinity of the proposed Cape Wind farm, as well as a generic 10 × 10 WTG grid layout, authors of the 2013 DOE report observed that radar clutter caused by the presence of the wind farm can make it difficult to identify other vessels operating within the wind farm, but did not significantly affect tracking of vessels outside of the wind farm (Ling et al., 2013)
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From page 16... ...
This report is a result of that study, which aims to determine and characterize the impacts of offshore WTGs on MVR, including radar commonly operated on large maritime commercial vessels and by commercial fishing vessels. Additionally, this study considers plausible techniques to mitigate WTG impacts in order to preserve MVR efficacy for navigational awareness and safety on vessels both in and near offshore wind facilities.
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From page 17... ...
Chapter 2 of this report provides background information on the navigation and safety issues associated with marine vessel operation in and adjacent to offshore wind facilities, common MVR designs and operation strategies for commercial maritime and fishing vessels in the United States, and electromagnetic characteristics of WTGs. This information clarifies the scale, scope, and nature of WTG impacts to MVR, which are also outlined in this chapter.
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From page 18... ...
. Presentation to the Committee on Wind Turbine Generator Impacts to Marine Vessel Radar, June 29, 2021.
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From page 19... ...
PowerPoint Presentation. Offshore Wind Turbine Radar Interference Mitigation Webinar Series: Technical Interchange Meeting.
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