Logistics and Manufacturing Under Attack: Future Pathways Proceedings of a Workshop (2022) / Chapter Skim
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4 Logistics and Manufacturing in Space
4 Logistics and Manufacturing in Space
Pages 35-52
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From page 35... ...
The trade-offs between making components on Earth and deploying them to space versus space-based manufacturing remain poorly understood, along with many other facets of space logistics. In the workshop's third day, participants examined opportunities and barriers related to the application of autonomous, robotic systems, large-scale additive manufacturing techniques, lunar indigenous materials, and novel manufacturing methods to advance a wide range of activities in space.
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From page 36... ...
Applying strategic foresight to the context of space logistics involves mul tiple sectors -- industry, defense, and academia -- and many questions about topics ranging from long-term habitats to health and entertainment. Identifying and addressing these questions will incorporate different ways of thinking, paradigm shifts, and a wide range of logistics capabilities.
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From page 37... ...
Applying it to the space environment, along with other technological advancements, will drive how humans develop the rich possibilities in both inner and outer space. Discussion Rosalind Lewis, Aerospace, moderated a discussion following Cunzeman's re marks, which covered foresight in action, current threats and actions, and preparing organizations and the workforce for the future.
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From page 38... ...
Wadley asked if there was a roadmap to develop key space logistics infrastruc ture, and Cunzeman replied that there was not, but a collaboration of industry, government, and academia could create one that addresses micro- and macro-level challenges and mileposts to increase confidence in the future of space and encour age synchronization of efforts. In addition, she noted that efficient energy delivery in space would represent a paradigm shift, although this would require technical breakthroughs to overcome significant hurdles.
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From page 39... ...
Technologies such as reusable launch vehicles, large-scale in-space additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, increased automation, and the availability of extraterrestrial materials could significantly reduce costs and simplify logistics, but not all of them are ready yet.
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From page 40... ...
A NATIONAL SPACE LOGISTICS SYSTEM Gordon Roesler, Robots in Space, LLC Roesler presented a vision for a national space logistics program to coordinate a supply chain and management system for space activities among the commercial space industry, NASA, and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)
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From page 41... ...
In addition, the Hague International Space Resources Governance Working Group is developing a framework within which to consider many of these issues.4 3 U.S. Space Force, 2020, Spacepower: Doctrine for Space Forces, Space Capstone Publication, https:// www.spaceforce.mil/Portals/1/Space%20Capstone%20Publication_10%20Aug%202020.pdf.
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From page 42... ...
Robotics technology with "machine ideation" capabilities will know more, work faster and more efficiently, and reduce the impact of human error. Other hurdles and needs include fast, inexpensive, reliable, and safe access to space stations and bases; systems to support human health during long-term space travel and settlement; detailed mapping of space resources; cre ative and strategic foresight; improved nuclear power capabilities; and solutions to legal quandaries.
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From page 43... ...
AUTONOMY AND DEXTEROUS ROBOTS Danette Allen, NASA Allen expanded on the role of autonomous, dexterous robots in advancing OSAM capabilities. The International Space Station (ISS)
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From page 44... ...
It will also launch the Space Infrastructure Dexterous Robot (SPIDER) payload, with its own manufacturing and assembly missions.
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From page 45... ...
SOURCE: Danette Allen, NASA, Intelligent Flight Systems, presentation to the workshop, June 4, 2021. SPACE-BASED MATERIALS SYNTHESIS AND MANUFACTURING Justin Kugler, Made in Space and Redwire Space Rapid technological developments in the past 15 years have delivered more capabilities and reliability, in situ repair and sustainment, and lower costs for space missions with launchable systems optimized for life in orbit, making it possible to go to Mars and beyond.
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From page 46... ...
Panelists were Kwas; Robert Hoyt, Tethers Unlimited, Inc.; and William Carter of DARPA's Defense Sciences Office. Wadley moderated the general discussion that followed.
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BUILDING AN IN-SPACE SUPPLY CHAIN Rob Hoyt, Tethers Unlimited, Inc. In-space services such as propellant depots, orbital outposts, microgravity materials manufacturing, cargo vehicles, and asteroid resources will increase resil ience, responsiveness, and cost effectiveness of space activities and make it possible to establish a fully in-space, economically viable supply chain.
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From page 48... ...
Maker Sat, to launch early next year, will demonstrate in-space manufac turing of a 10- to 20-meter-long carbon boom with high thermal stability. LUNAR RESOURCE UTILIZATION FOR DoD MISSIONS: MANUFACTURING, MATERIALS, AND MASS-EFFICIENT DESIGNS William Carter, DARPA Defense Sciences Office Carter discussed DoD's interest in space operations and in particular lunar resource utilization.
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From page 49... ...
He added that using nuclear waste as a power source for these batteries would produce massive amounts of electricity from an otherwise problematic material. When asked by Wadley what policies are needed to accelerate space logistics, Kwas replied that he was not aware of any policies or regulations prohibiting work in this area, and Hoyt replied that there could be interesting tax policy implica tions to explore.
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From page 50... ...
Expanding on this point, Roesler speculated that until a space operation loses money from a collision, no organization will want to pay for cleanup. DARPA's 2011 Catcher's Mitt study found that to reduce the chance of a catastrophic collision, it is more important to remove larger objects, even just 5 to 10 of them annually, but doing so is very expensive.10 The most critical ones to remove are multi-ton rocket bodies left in orbit by the former Soviet Union that are on intersecting orbits, Roesler said, but efforts to remove them would require international diplomacy combined with new powerful robotic de-orbit vehicles.
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From page 51... ...
On the second day, participants discussed transformations such as onshoring innovative hybrid electronics manufacturing and using digital twins to monitor and maintain individual assets and entire supply chains. On the final day, speakers talked about ways to transform space and critical enablers such as OSAM and ISRU capabilities and the creation of a national space logistics program.
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From page 52... ...
In-space manufacturing of these large structures, made up of new, sustainable materials, will require very different mechanisms. Hodge suggested that policy makers and engineers should work together to propel the ideas and innovations discussed at the workshop, while academia and industry should work together to encourage and train the workforce that will be required to make these visions a reality.
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