Merits and Viability of Different Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Technology Options and the Waste Aspects of Advanced Nuclear Reactors (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Radioactive Waste Classifications and Waste Characteristics from Different Stages of the Fuel Cycle in the United States
Appendix D: Radioactive Waste Classifications and Waste Characteristics from Different Stages of the Fuel Cycle in the United States
Pages 269-274
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From page 269... ...
waste, as defined in Table D.1. WASTES FROM DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE FUEL CYCLE Radioactive waste streams are generated throughout the fuel cycle, regardless of fuel and reactor type, including from uranium mining and milling, uranium enrichment, fresh fuel fabrication, reactor operation, reprocessing operations (if applicable)
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From page 270... ...
and 10 CFR 61.58. Depleted Uranium "the source material uranium in which the isotope uranium-235 is less than 10 CFR 40.4 0.711 weight percent of the total uranium present." Uranium Mill Tailings "the remaining portion of a metal-bearing ore after some or all of such metal, 40 CFR 192.01 such as uranium, has been extracted." TABLE D.2 Relative Characteristics of Fuel Cycle Generated Waste Waste-Generating Process Relative Volume Relative Activity Relative Radiotoxicity Enrichment Small Low Low Fuel fabrication Small Low Low Plant operation Large Medium Low Reprocessing Small/Medium High/Very high High Spent nuclear fuel for disposal Medium High High Decommissioning Very large Low Very low SOURCE: NEA-OECD (2006b)
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From page 271... ...
The radioactive waste consists of activated structures and components, "moderator and coolant materials, corrosion products captured" in plant components, filters and resins, maintenance materials and consumables, and fission product contamination arising from activated corrosion product transport or leaks in the fuel. "Corrosion products, which originate within the reactor core or out of the reactor and are carried through the reactor core by the coolant or moderator, are neutron activated isotopes" (NEA-OECD, 2006b)
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From page 272... ...
. Uranium mine and mill tailings also require specific disposal sites to prevent long-term contamination of soil, air, and groundwater around inactive mining and milling sites; for example, the Moab Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action Project is transporting approximately 15.5 million tons of tailings from the Moab site to a disposal cell near Crescent Junction, Utah (DOE-EM, 2021)
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From page 273... ...
(3,108) Shutdown at end of current license period Scenario 3 240,138 69,187 52,954 15,154 192,587 57,928 485,679 142,269 17,776 6,389 Addition of 2 new builds and 8 additional reactors obtaining a second 20-year license renewal a Includes commercial light water reactor inventory and Morris and U.S.
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