The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Pages 526-544

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 526... ... 526 ORIGINS, WORLDS, AND LIFE FIGURE 20-3 Performance comparison curves for launch vehicles proposed to be available during the time period covered by this decadal survey; the heavy lift options (SLS, Vulcan) are not yet ready for flight, constraining distant and/or large mission launches. Read the entire page →
From page 527... ... INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PLANETARY SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION 527 Planetary Data System The Planetary Data System (PDS) has been a pioneering repository and archive of planetary mission data for many decades. Read the entire page →
From page 528... ... 528 ORIGINS, WORLDS, AND LIFE Repositories of model output can also be designed to contain only the most recent complete outputs from a particular model, with earlier datasets simply documented for posterity. Finding: A clear plan for the preservation and sharing of planetary model input and output data, involving both the PDS and planetary modeling communities, is needed to develop a network of discipline-specific, community recognized repositories, rather than via rigorous, costly, and often unnecessary archiving. Read the entire page →
From page 529... ... INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PLANETARY SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION 529 space research activities in a new 2020 memorandum of understanding (NASA-NSF 2020) Read the entire page →
From page 530... ... 530 ORIGINS, WORLDS, AND LIFE The next generation of extremely large (larger than 20 m effective diameter) optical telescopes (ELTs) Read the entire page →
From page 531... ... INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PLANETARY SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION 531 antenna for GSSR. Additionally, GBT is currently considering the addition of a radar transmitter (Bonsall et al. Read the entire page →
From page 532... ... 532 ORIGINS, WORLDS, AND LIFE International Facilities In mid-2021, the European Space Agency (ESA) released its Voyage 2050 exploration themes for the period 2035–2050 (ESA 2021) Read the entire page →
From page 533... ... INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PLANETARY SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION 533 Lazio, J., B Arnold, B Read the entire page →
From page 534... ... 21 Technology Technology is the foundation of scientific exploration. Two Voyager spacecraft were launched over four decades ago, now far beyond any human made object, and are still returning valuable scientific data about the interstellar medium. Read the entire page →
From page 535... ... TECHNOLOGY 535 and industry. Such advances can be better leveraged if the technology roadmaps are assessed and adjusted to take advantage of them as they emerge. Read the entire page →
From page 536... ... 536 ORIGINS, WORLDS, AND LIFE FIGURE 21-1 Technology management reflecting best practices. BOX 21-1 Science Enterprise Technology Development Principles • The technology strategy considers both short-term and long-term development efforts that encom pass the upcoming decade and at least two decades after. Read the entire page →
From page 537... ... TECHNOLOGY 537 NASA data, the level of funding fell short of the recommended 6–8 percent level with it declining to about 4 percent. The V&V recommended that it was critical that technology funding not be used to cover overrun costs of missions stating, "Reallocating technology funds to cover tactical exigencies is tantamount to "eating the seed corn." The National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine report Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future stated: "At least 8 percent of the budgets of federal research agencies should be set aside for discretionary funding managed by technical program managers in those agencies to catalyze high-risk, highpayoff research" (NAS et al. Read the entire page →
From page 538... ... 538 ORIGINS, WORLDS, AND LIFE would contribute substantially to a transparent organizational approach, which valued the input and feedback of its stakeholders. Finding: The committee found it difficult to uncover what technology activities were currently active and how much funding was being allocated to technology development, an issue that was also identified in the V&V midterm review (NASEM 2018) Read the entire page →
From page 539... ... TECHNOLOGY 539 Enabling technologies, by their nature, are the highest priority for investment but the remaining technologies, enhancing and dormant, reduce future costs and increase future mission performance. However, there does not currently appear to be a way to know how significant these technologies could be from a science return on investment. Read the entire page →
From page 540... ... 540 ORIGINS, WORLDS, AND LIFE • Allowing missions to include technologies with high RoI for future missions by allocating additional reserves over and above any cost caps to cover unknowns; • Creating a separate technology line similar to the former New Millennium Program where multiple technologies could be demonstrated in small flight missions; and • Adopting a systematic way of bounding the risks, the cost, and the schedule of technologies at TRL-6 by requiring additional information at TRL-6 such as defining work required to complete the space qualification of all components necessary to achieve flight status and documenting the attendant list of technical and programmatic risks. Space Technology Mission Directorate Technology Development Collaboration between SMD and STMD has enabled technology development for several significant planetary spaceflight exploration technologies. Read the entire page →
From page 541... ... TECHNOLOGY 541 TABLE 21-1 Technologies Identified to Be Advanced in This Decade and Beyond Key Science Questions/ Applicable Technology Area Rationale PD Chapter Destinations Instrumentation General in situ Instruments to perform in situ measurements require 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Venus, Moon, Mars, instruments technology developments to improve sensitivity and dynamic 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 small bodies, ocean range, mitigate noise sources, and reduce mass, power, and worlds, gas giants, volume requirements. ice giants General remote Remote sensing instruments require improved sensitivity and All All sensing instruments dynamic range, wavelength coverage, spectral, and/or spatial resolution, as well as reduced mass, power, and volume. Read the entire page →
From page 542... ... 542 ORIGINS, WORLDS, AND LIFE TABLE 21-1 Continued Key Science Questions/ Applicable Technology Area Rationale PD Chapter Destinations Entry/deorbit, Further advancements in TRN and HD&A are required to 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, Venus, Moon, Mars, descent, and enable recommended missions and SR objectives in this 12 small bodies, ocean landing systems decade. Other technologies include anchoring and sampling worlds on low-gravity bodies, TPS, aero-decelerators and high-ISP throttleable descent engines. Read the entire page →
From page 543... ... TECHNOLOGY 543 INSTRUMENTATION General In Situ Instruments Instruments to perform in situ measurements need to continue to be advanced by technology developments to improve sensitivity and dynamic range, mitigate noise sources, and reduce mass, power and volume requirements. Many of these developments are enabling for the strategic research objectives within this survey, including for priority missions. Read the entire page →
From page 544... ... 544 ORIGINS, WORLDS, AND LIFE In Situ Sample Acquisition, Handling, and Preprocessing Planetary missions featuring in situ sample analysis need to meet requirements for sample acquisition, handling, and processing. Significant technological development has already been achieved for active and passive sample acquisition. Read the entire page →

From page 526...

... 526 ORIGINS, WORLDS, AND LIFE FIGURE 20-3 Performance comparison curves for launch vehicles proposed to be available during the time period covered by this decadal survey; the heavy lift options (SLS, Vulcan) are not yet ready for flight, constraining distant and/or large mission launches.