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From page 563... ... 21 Technology Technology is the foundation of scientific exploration. Two Voyager spacecraft were launched over four decades ago, now far beyond any human made object, and are still returning valuable scientific data about the interstellar medium. Read the entire page →
From page 564... ... TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN NASA The approach to technology development within NASA has changed multiple times through the decades from centralized control, to distributed, to the present-day hybrid approach. At the beginning of the V&V decadal survey, technology development within SMD was uncoordinated and lacked focus, and the V&V decadal survey recommended that the PSD re-establish a cohesive technology program. Read the entire page →
From page 565... ... FIGURE 21.1 Technology management reflecting best practices. Read the entire page →
From page 566... ... BOX 21.1 Science Enterprise Technology Development Principles • The technology strategy considers both short-term and long-term development efforts that encompass the upcoming decade and at least two decades after. • Technology development covers the scope of the planetary science and astrobiology decadal survey, including planetary defense and planetary protection. Read the entire page →
From page 567... ... Finding: NASA has not sustained the recommended level of planetary technology funding, 6-8 percent of the PSD budget, with the level declining to about 4 percent over the last five years. This is now significantly below the level of investment recommended in V&V Recommendation: NASA PSD should strive to consistently fund technology advancement at an average of 6 to 8 percent of the PSD budget. Read the entire page →
From page 568... ... approaches to accomplishing the next set of science objectives so that their implementation approaches can take advantage of the technology work being pursued by PSD and STMD. Finding: The charter for PESTO includes the responsibility to "Work with partnering organizations to develop partnership agreements and approaches", but the committee could not find any evidence that there were documented agreements with its major partner, STMD, where STMD committed to provide PSD with its fair share of the STMD resources and how those resources were to be expended in pursuit of PSD technology needs. Read the entire page →
From page 569... ... ● Dormant -- those technologies that may be sufficiently advanced to use in missions but are not yet accepted by the implementers of science missions. Enabling technologies by their nature are the highest priority for investment, but the remaining technologies, enhancing and dormant, reduce future costs and increase future mission performance. Read the entire page →
From page 570... ... Solutions could include: ● Directing some technologies to be used or providing incentives for using technologies in this category, such as increasing the number of technologies offered in AOs; allowing technology demonstration mission in SIMPLEX AOs; or similar approaches in any new programs; ● Allow missions to include technologies with high ROI for future missions by allocating additional reserves over and above any cost caps to cover unknowns; ● Creating a separate technology line similar to the former New Millennium program where multiple technologies could be demonstrated in small flight missions; ● Adopting a systematic way of bounding the risks, the cost, and the schedule of technologies at TRL 6 by requiring additional information at TRL 6 such as defining work required to complete the space qualification of all components necessary to achieve flight status and documenting the attendant list of technical and programmatic risks. Space Technology Mission Directorate Technology Development Collaboration between SMD and STMD has enabled technology development for a number of significant planetary spaceflight exploration technologies. Read the entire page →
From page 571... ... technological state of the art (SoA) Read the entire page →
From page 572... ... Cold/cryogenic Maintaining cold/cryogenic samples is the next step in sample return, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, Moon, Mars, sample return and cold/cryogenic sample return missions are being considered as soon 10, 11, 12 Venus, small as early next decade. bodies, ocean worlds Communication As missions to achieve SR objectives become more complex, current All All systems radio capabilities will be inadequate in the future. Read the entire page →
From page 573... ... INSTRUMENTATION General In Situ Instruments Instruments to perform in situ measurements need to continue to be advanced by technology developments to improve sensitivity and dynamic range, mitigate noise sources, and reduce mass, power and volume requirements. Many of these developments are enabling for the strategic research questions within this survey, including for priority missions. Read the entire page →
From page 574... ... for life detection (e.g., sampling tools, sample processing tools, and sensitive detectors) could then be selected for integration under targeted programs such as COLDTech. Read the entire page →
From page 575... ... acquired samples prior to sensor analysis. Sample handling and pre-processing technology needs urgent attention to extract target materials accurately and efficiently from acquired samples, and these implementations need to be science-requirements-driven. Read the entire page →
From page 576... ... Extended in situ mobility: Surface rovers, aerial vehicles, or other mobile elements continue to be highpriority systems for autonomy. Autonomy enables long-traverse rover missions for this decade, combining multiple sensor fusion for real-time hazard detection and path optimization to yield order-of-magnitude increases in range and operational efficiency (Amini et al. Read the entire page →
From page 577... ... Technologies needing further advances include power generation and storage, materials, actuators, and electronics, including memory, among others. Dust mitigation: The mission of NASA's Opportunity rover ended in mid-2018 because of the lack of solar power generation caused by dust covering due to a dust storm. Read the entire page →
From page 578... ... enabling technologies have to be capable of maintaining the samples' integrity throughout every mission phase so that they can be successfully delivered to planetary sample curation and laboratory analysis facilities (Milam et al. Read the entire page →
From page 579... ... accessing ever more challenging landing sites driven by the desire to maximize science value. In order to respond to these challenges, continued development of enabling landing technologies is required. Read the entire page →
From page 580... ... NASA has invested considerable resources in the development of deployable aero-decelerators (e.g., HIAD, SIAD, and ADEPT) that have the potential to dramatically increase landed mass on future missions. Read the entire page →
From page 581... ... Finding: Rover surface mobility on terrestrial bodies has evolved over decades. Now long-traverse surface mobility is identified as an enabling technology that allows smooth traversing regardless of large rocks and steep slopes at traverse rates much greater than current technology. Read the entire page →
From page 582... ... increases in specific impulse (ISP) , lower power thrusters for small spacecraft, and advanced power processing units. Read the entire page →
From page 583... ... being one of the most critical to measure for effective mitigation planning. Technologies that need improvement/development are: terminal guidance navigation and control (GNC) Read the entire page →
From page 584... ... including, but not limited to: (1) sampling and sample processing (swab to sequencing) Read the entire page →
From page 585... ... these improved RTGs (2) ready for fueling by 2026 with availability for 2030 missions. Read the entire page →
From page 586... ... this value over the next decade. In addition, new chemistries -- many based on solid electrolytes with a Li anode -- show promise in specific energy increases above 300 Wh/kg. Read the entire page →
From page 587... ... • Alternative subsurface access probes (e.g., melt probes) for icy/ocean worlds, combining vertical access and probe mobility in solid materials, while tackling environmental stability, communication, and planetary protection/contamination control challenges. Read the entire page →
From page 588... ... New Commercial Launch Systems Ongoing launch vehicle developments associated with the human exploration of Moon and Mars, if successful, could result in SLS class launch vehicle capability at orders of magnitude lower costs. Launch system concepts like the emerging super-heavy lift launch vehicles, which involve full vehicle reusability and on-orbit refueling, have the potential to dramatically reduce launch costs and increase launch mass to the point that mass will no longer be a driver for spacecraft design. Read the entire page →
From page 589... ... Small Fission Reactors for Power and Propulsion Fission power systems (FPS) can offer a distinct advantage over other systems for higher power requirements and can offer new possibilities for more capable missions and access to the farthest reaches of the solar system and beyond. Read the entire page →
From page 590... ... additive manufacturing and robotic assembly of spacecraft components could enable science mission extensions, such as the manufacturing of mobile probes, rovers, and aircraft, that could expand the observational capability of a single landed mission. Finding: Emerging technologies in many different sectors, offer game-changing opportunities to increase capabilities of our science investigations, while reducing the development burden and associated costs. Read the entire page →
From page 591... ... Dutta, S., G Afonso, S Read the entire page →
From page 592... ... Schwartz, J Read the entire page →

From page 563...

... 21 Technology Technology is the foundation of scientific exploration. Two Voyager spacecraft were launched over four decades ago, now far beyond any human made object, and are still returning valuable scientific data about the interstellar medium.