The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Pages 35-63

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 35... ... 35 4.1 Overview of Case Example Characteristics The five selected case example regions reflect a variety of approaches to coordinating affordable housing and transit, and the barriers that limit coordination. As shown in Table 8, each of the regions responded to the project survey. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... 36 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies • Affordable housing concerns are not just a big city issue, nor limited to low-income households, though the cost burden and challenge of finding affordable housing and transit is especially pronounced for these populations. • Affordable housing production tools are not meeting the needs of very low-income households, creating strains for transit systems that include rising homelessness and reduced ridership as these individuals are displaced from previously affordable neighborhoods served by transit. Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... Case Examples 37 Population Demographics Atlanta Sandy Springs - Alpharetta, GA MSA City of Atlanta Boise City - Nampa, ID MSA City of Boise Chicago Naperville - Elgin, IL MSA City of Chicago Kansas City, MO KS MSA City of Kansas City San Francisco Oakland - Berkeley MSA City of San Francisco Population (2019) 6,114,361 498,073 749,257 228,959 2,693,976 2,181,139 602,574 4,731,803 Growth/ Decline (2015 - 2019) Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 38 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies • Cross-sector collaboration is a key ingredient to successful coordination. Non-profit partners, philanthropic organizations, and academic institutions play important roles in advocating, planning, designing, and implementing solutions for improved alignment of housing, transit and equity goals, funding, and policy adoption. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... Case Examples 39 While the Atlanta has seen significant strides in densifying its urban core, the region faces significant structural barriers to affordable housing and transit connectivity. The mid-20th century annexation of suburban communities in an effort to maintain white political power, exclusionary zoning and lending practices, and destructive highway and urban renewal projects that contained Black communities to areas west of the Interstate 75/85 corridor and south of Interstate 20 had lasting impacts (Stone 1989; Kruse 2007; Drake-Rodriguez 2021) Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... 40 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies quasi-governmental agencies tasked with long-range transportation planning and housing coordination: the Atlanta Department of City Planning and its Office of Housing and Community Development; MARTA; and the Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC) , which acts as the regional metropolitan planning organization. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... Case Examples 41 transportation project evaluation framework for the region, which includes a range of metrics for projects, including traditional considerations about infrastructure and policy, as well as clear equity goals related to health impacts, community engagement, and access to transportation (ARC 2019) Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 42 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies for stations MARTA owns in federal Opportunity Zones (Vallo and Frank 2021) Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... Case Examples 43 4.4 Boise Case Example Despite having the smallest population of all the case examples, the Boise region is experiencing the fastest population and employment growth. In the years between 2015 and 2019, the city grew by 9% and the region by almost 11% (see Table 9) Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... 44 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies Planning Coordination VRT and the City of Boise have established a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to conduct an annual public hearing centered around big picture system issues. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... Case Examples 45 Aligning Transit to Better Serve Low-Income Riders VRT is responsible for the management of a variety of transportation solutions, including public bus transit, specialized van services, paratransit, and park and ride. VRT works with other organizations and government agencies to create options that are accessible, affordable, and consistent for residents. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... 46 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies housing or build along public transit corridors by giving added bonuses, like a parking reduction, a public approval process without a public hearing on projects less than 50 units, and allowing taller buildings (APA 2017) Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... Case Examples 47 Additionally, Neighborworks, a national organization that creates opportunities for people to live in affordable homes, is also actively involved through its local chapter in supporting the land trust and other affordable housing efforts. For the developer, the margins are very thin; thus, cities must leverage assets or provide subsidies to enable projects to pencil out. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... 48 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies the COVID-19 pandemic (Morell and Puente 2020) Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... Case Examples 49 planning projects that support TOD and corridor studies. This past year the RTA partnered with CMAP on a call for projects limited to places of high need, and reduced match requirements for these communities to make it easier to access funding. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... 50 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies With funding in 2018 from FTA's TOD Pilot Planning grant program, CTA is also working to align housing with future transit expansion of the Red Line. This includes a Red Line Extension Transit Supportive Development Plan currently underway that incorporates a strong public engagement element (CTA n.d.) Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... Case Examples 51 • Allowing off-site units to be built in any part of the city lacking in affordable housing or threatened with displacement. • Requiring that if the triggering development is in a TOD zone, the off-site units must also be in a TOD zone. Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... 52 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies is 100% affordable and funded with a mix of incentives. The project is built on a city-owned parking lot, which was donated to help reduce land costs (Dawson-Mooney 2021) Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... Case Examples 53 Authority) , Johnson County Transit, IndeBus (Independence, MO) Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... 54 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies Ages, where individuals can age in place. In 2019, MARC organized suburban jurisdictions into housing cohorts for planning and design coordination (MARC 2020c; Palmer 2021) Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... Case Examples 55 adults (Roberts 2017) Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... 56 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies between affordable housing and access to transit leaves a significant number of low-income residents challenged with navigating last-mile options when looking to take public transportation. Affordable housing resources have been harder to generate in the region than perceived (Palmer 2021) Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... Case Examples 57 the Rock Island Railroad Corridor, a 17.7-mile corridor where a fixed guideway project is being planned to connect three major cities in the Kansas City region, and a second grant was awarded in 2019 to the City of Kansas City to plan for TOD along the 32-station Prospect MAX BRT project (FTA 2018) Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... 58 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies In 2005, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) became the first regional planning agency and MPO to establish a TOD policy (MTC 2005) Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... Case Examples 59 which is acquiring suitable and affordable land. MTC is helping to implement the program within the Bay Area (Smith et al. Read the entire page →
From page 60... ... 60 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies dynamic was seen during the COVID-19 pandemic as well in terms of ridership and service cuts (Thorne-Lyman 2021) Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... Case Examples 61 VTA's TOD Policy was developed in 2009 and revised in 2019 (VTA 2019) Read the entire page →
From page 62... ... 62 Coordination of Public Transit Services and Investments with Affordable Housing Policies that prioritizes how the city will use its resources to implement its programs and policies in the current planning period to meet its housing objectives (Morales-Ferrand 2020) Read the entire page →
From page 63... ... Case Examples 63 Conclusion The San Francisco Bay Area was especially hard hit by the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ridership on its transit systems, especially rail, plummeted and it was among the regions nationally that lost population. Read the entire page →

From page 35...

... 35 4.1 Overview of Case Example Characteristics The five selected case example regions reflect a variety of approaches to coordinating affordable housing and transit, and the barriers that limit coordination. As shown in Table 8, each of the regions responded to the project survey.