Influence of Infrastructure Design on Distracted Driving (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 70-81
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70 Chapter 7. Safety Framework for the Use of Crash Data to Assess the Impact of Infrastructure Design on Distraction 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 Background Police crash reports are a rich source of data about the locations, characteristics, and contributing circumstances of roadway crashes, especially when crash locations are geospatially coded.
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71 • Do specific images or content result in a spike in crashes near billboards or variable message signs? • What is the relationship between a particular infrastructure element (e.g., wind turbine, billboard, bridge structure)
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72 having been distracted by the turbine, even if the turbine is not noted as an external distraction in the corresponding crash reports. That is, because wind turbines are located a significant distance from the roadway, their presence cannot create an on-road scenario that increases crash risk.
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73 • Driver contributing circumstances, including distraction (the distraction element of the Iowa TraCS data model became operational on January 1, 2015)
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74 Figure 17. Wind turbines (red dots)
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75 segment for each of 2018 and 2019. For the 2018 and 2019 crash data, a segment was classified according to whether a wind turbine was operational by 2017 or 2018, respectively.
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76 • Number of wind turbines within 2 miles. • Number of wind turbines within 4 miles.
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77 • 𝑤( ) : Vector of features for the 𝑗-th year.
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78 Nearby wm-year 2) were slightly higher, with an expected increase of 1.148 (CI = 0.902, 1.445)
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79 agencies could use to assess the impact of an infrastructure element on distraction and then test the efficacy of the approach. This Safety Framework used data from a wind turbine data set and Iowa crash and roadway data sets.
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80 such as wind turbines, as shown in Figure 18, a large number of roadways are still in some proximity to the feature of interest. Based on the availability of data and likely sufficient sample sizes, crash data sets were determined to be feasible for conducting an evaluation of IRDs.
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81 7.6.3 Discussion Although the analyses conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of this Safety Framework were not strongly conclusive, the use of crash data to evaluate IRDs appears to be feasible. The results of the analyses using crash data suggest the following strengths, challenges, and recommendations regarding the use of crash data for the evaluation of IRDs.
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