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Understanding the Role of the Immune System in Improving Tissue Regeneration Proceedings of a Workshop (2022) / Chapter Skim
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2 Tissue Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Repair
Pages 7-14

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
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From page 7...
... (Medzhitov) • Characterizing the rules and mechanisms that ensure production of appropriate growth factors in the correct quantity and location is key to understanding and modulating homeostasis and regenerative processes.
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From page 8...
... COMMON FEATURES OF TISSUE ORGANIZATION Although tissue types from different organs have superficial differences in appearance, biologists have traditionally understood that all tissue types share common themes in tissue architecture and design principles. This idea is based on the understanding that a biological problem is solved by evolutionary processes, and that solution is maintained to address related problems, Medzhitov explained.
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From page 9...
... TISSUE ORGANIZATION AND COMPOSITION Basic tissue organization includes multiple cell types and relies upon the extracellular matrix. Tissue organization raises many questions, such as how cells "know" to exist in specific locations and what relationships there are among different cell types.
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From page 10...
... MINIMAL TISSUE UNITS AND GROWTH FACTOR PRODUCTION The minimal composition of tissues in vertebrates comprises four cell types that form "minimal tissue units," Medzhitov said. The first is responsible for the core function of the tissue and is the most common cell type of a tissue.
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From page 11...
... FIGURE 2-1  Three types of cellular division of labor. SOURCE: Medzhitov presentation, November 2, 2021.
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From page 12...
... This feature of supportive cells is important to consider in determining which cell categories to target for regeneration, he added. Every normal, nontransformed cell type requires specific growth factors to survive and proliferate, and the number of cells in a given location is determined by the local availability of growth factors.
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From page 13...
... The second paradigm centers on growth factor availability and proposes that tissues locally produce appropriate amounts of growth factor. An abundance of growth factor induces cell proliferation, and if cells proliferate beyond a level sustainable by the amount of growth factor, excess cells die to reach the appropriate compartment size.
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From page 14...
... This inflammatory enhancer is independent of cellular density and enables macrophages to expand as necessary to support the inflammatory response. This principle of growth factor production -- in which one cell type senses the tissue microenvironment and produces growth factor to regulate another cell type -- can be further generalized, Medzhitov stated.
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Key Terms

  • growth factor
  • cell type
  • growth factors
  • tissue organization
  • tissue regeneration

  • supportive cell
  • tissue homeostasis
  • stem cells
  • client cells
  • endothelial cells

  • epithelial cells
  • factor availability
  • perform supportive
  • factor production
  • space availability

  • available space
  • client cell
  • tissue types
  • supportive cells
  • supportive functions

  • types perform
  • cells control
  • medzhitov explained
  • primary function
  • cellular composition

  • local availability
  • functional client
  • medzhitov noted
  • colleagues found
  • correct quantity


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