Cutting-Edge Scientific Capabilities for Biological Detection Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Cutting-Edge Scientific Capabilities for Biological Detection: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Cutting-Edge Scientific Capabilities for Biological Detection: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Pages 1-11
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Other technologies are using biological this charge, the planning committee for the workshop or bio-inspired methods to analyze chemicals present identified two biological detection areas of interest in air, including those of biological origin, allowing the with recent advancements and promising capabilities to technologies to detect and sense compounds -- such highlight in the workshop: technologies for the detection as disease biomarkers or industrial pollutants -- with of neural signatures, and technologies related to the unprecedented speed and precision. What capabilities digitization of olfaction and the detection and analysis of might these technologies unlock?
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moderated sessions uses electrodes to continuously measure brain activity for examining technologies designed to detect and analyze insights on the wearer's attention and focus.2 The system human brain activity. Analysis of signals emanating is being developed as an aid to help users stay on task from the brain can be interpreted to infer cognitive and amid distractions, part of the company's broader goal of affective states and form the basis for direct interfaces developing an everyday brain–computer interface for a connecting brains with the technologies used.
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Ruiz-Blondet and Furman described and respond appropriately to the user's mental and how brain signals can be used to discern the unique physiological state. EEG signatures of individual people to verify a person's identity, which could be useful for supporting Finally, speakers explored how brain analysis technology authentication for restricted-access systems.
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Because obtaining functional connectome data The speakers identified future opportunities, barriers, requires an fMRI scan, this approach involves some and research priorities for emerging technologies that level of consent on the part of the person whose brain analyze brain signals. Constable and Ruiz-Blondet is being assessed, Constable noted, although it is still pointed to a need for larger and more diverse data sets important to protect individuals' privacy in terms of to better understand how brain signals work (for EEG how the data are used and shared.
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Berent cautioned, however, and other organisms, and gain insight into biological that any neuromodulation requires great care to avoid processes. The speakers discussed emerging VOC unintended effects.
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receptors are already tuned, Technologies for Detection of Disease Biomarkers in Exhaled evolutionarily tuned over millions of years, and there's Breath almost no odor that cannot be sensed by a biological While many technologies for detecting VOCs in air can nose," Rinberg said. Rather than taking advantage of this be applied to breath analysis, two speakers focused on capability through behavioral training (e.g., dogs trained emerging technologies designed specifically for detecting to sniff out drugs or explosives)
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monitoring tools for both infectious and non-infectious Ethics, Security, and Privacy Issues disease management. However, Hill noted that a lack of The low profile and non-invasive nature of emerging standardization, a lack of integration with current clinical VOC detectors raises the prospect that these sensors workflows, and a lack of shared data on breath signatures could be widely deployed and used without the have limited progress in this space, raising the potential knowledge or consent of the people whose exhalations for unvalidated products and processes that may oversell and environments are being monitored.
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Rinberg to address as the field moves forward, Mathews said. said that scaling sensors to the vast number of potential She added that it may also be valuable to examine how odorants or chemicals that exist -- something nature has areas of convergence with related fields such as genetics done over many millions of years -- poses a significant and synthetic biology influence these ethical and social challenge for engineered devices.
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Others are still decades away from practical use but could unlock new ways of understanding bodies and the world. Across all of these use cases and development trajectories, many participants stressed that it will be important to consider how structures, norms, and processes can help to support ethical practices -- including those that enhance transparency, privacy, and security -- in the development and adoption of biological detection technologies.
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and consent neuromodulation convenience; applications Food and Drug real-time across a Administration feedback can population as the review improve learning technology scales retention; potential health benefits Functional Cognitive and Deep insights Requires fMRI Need for more Concerns about connectome psychiatric into brain scan; offers research to relate mental privacy; mapping diagnostics and organization and snapshot in time individual behavior personally identifiable monitoring; development; unless scans are to functional brain information; health personalized insights over the repeated organization relevant information; learning; brain course of the data security and data development lifetime; ability to sharing research monitor changes over time VOC/CHEMICAL DETECTION Synthetic Industrial and Real-time Scaling; detector Poised for Concerns about biology–based environmental results; small cells cannot commercialization transparency and VOC detector monitoring; size; low power/ reliably survive in partnership with consent; data security and maintenance longer than 1 year user communities governance and weapons detection; requirements; in industry and sharing pathogen detection high sensitivity security Bio-electronic Environmental Large range Scaling; requires Early phase of Concerns about nose monitoring of detectable animals research and transparency and compounds; development consent; data high sensitivity; governance and transferrable to sharing other animals without training Real-time mass Environmental Large range Sensitivity varies Early phase of Concerns about spectrometry monitoring of detectable from compound research and transparency and compounds; high to compound development consent; data sensitivity governance and sharing Breath analysis Pathogen detection Non-invasive; Need for Inflection point Concerns about technologies and diagnostics; potential to further clinical from proof-of- transparency and environmental deploy in validation; lack of concept to practical consent; data health research low-resource clinical workflow application governance and countries integration; lack sharing of data on which VOCs are useful as biomarkers NOTE: This table lists examples of technologies shared by workshop participants. This table does not include all ideas mentioned by participants, and should not be interpreted as consensus conclusions or recommendations of the National Academies.
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Workshop planning committee members: CATHERINE CABRERA (Chair) , Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory; ROCCO CASAGRANDE, Gryphon Scientific; ELLIOT CHAIKOF, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; JONATHAN DORDICK, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Nita Farahany, Duke University; CHARLES GILBERT, The Rockefeller University.
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