Using Biology for Communication and Information Transmission Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Using Biology for Communication and Information Transmission: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Using Biology for Communication and Information Transmission: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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Chaikof opened the workshop examine how cutting-edge biotechnologies and research with a reflection on the seminal contributions of could enable these new approaches, as well as the mathematician Claude Shannon to information theory societal impacts they might have, the National Academies and communication. In addition to establishing the of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a virtual foundation for digital circuit design theory, Shannon workshop on Using Biology for Communication and also introduced a mathematical framework for the Information Transmission on January 20–21, 2022.
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His work, therefore, focuses materials and platforms for large-scale data storage and on the step in between: storing and retrieving DNAcomputing, the speakers described how DNA could be encoded data. To this end, he and his colleagues have harnessed to expand the capacity for information storage, developed a method to store DNA files in small glass processing, and transmission.
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She and her to perform tasks in computation and communication. colleagues have demonstrated the use of cells to perform Researchers discussed opportunities to take advantage collective computation for a task known as graph of living cells and nature's sensing and communication coloring, which computes the minimum number of colors strategies to enhance computational capabilities and needed to color a graph or map such that no two adjacent establish new modes for information transmission.
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She stressed the that the rate of information transmission scales linearly importance of appropriate analytical approaches to not with the number of receptors;8 for example, 10 receptors only manipulate biological systems but also to make will have 10 times the data rate of one receptor. This inferences based on data collected through observation means it should be possible to implement molecular communication systems at a large scale by adding more 9 Kuscu, M., H
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decision-making agents within the collective process of quorum sensing, the mechanism by which groups of In one experiment, researchers demonstrated that bacteria gauge the number of cells in their population applying glasses with certain characteristics could fool and exhibit different behaviors when the population is facial recognition systems into seeing a match when a below versus above certain density thresholds.12 She also match does not actually exist, allowing one person to discussed how fundamental insights about biological impersonate another.13 However, Vorobeychik and his organization and communication can inform advances colleagues identified ways to reduce the effectiveness in biomedical research and public health. For example, of such attacks by training deep neural networks using her group has collaborated with researchers developing a inputs in which parts of the image are occluded.14 Other breath test for COVID-19 to understand variability within researchers have raised concerns about the possibility of sensing systems, and also with epidemiologists to design matching a face to a genome by using genomic data to optimal sampling strategies to track outbreaks during predict phenotypes and then using artificial intelligence the pandemic.
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Just as information involves living organisms, could a computer virus be technology has had an imperfect track record with spread via an actual biological virus? Also, might the security and privacy, biology has its own questionable rush to find ways to hack biological devices lead to a past in terms of ethics and equity.
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To advance this technology farther, she said there is a DNA Data Storage need to develop methods for tailoring cells for faster and Several participants noted that DNA data storage is more cost-effective fabrication of bio-oscillator arrays, among the most mature technologies discussed at the perhaps through the use of stem cells. workshop, although there are still many unanswered questions, in particular with regard to how this new Mitra said that bio-inspired engineering advances data storage modality might enable new modes of could enable important near-term applications in computation.
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Even analog signals the natural environment may influence the engineered can yield valuable information, and she said it should organisms and the environment. Pointing to ill-fated not be assumed that all analog information should experiments with biological engineering to control be converted to digital data when developing devices invasive species in Australia, Evans noted that the that interface with or are inspired by living organisms.
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Expanding on this, Eckford said technology areas along with their key advantages; that innovations in molecular motors and nonlinear limitations; and related ethics, security, and privacy reactions could open new opportunities for molecular issues, summarized in Table 1. In the workshop communication beyond diffusion-mediated signals, akin presentations and discussions, participants explored how to creating a series of molecular dominoes to effect a biological and bio-inspired approaches for information signal.
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TABLE 1 Overview of Example Technologies Discussed at the Workshop EXAMPLE POTENTIAL MATURITY AND ETHICS, SECURITY, AND TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS ECOSYSTEM PRIVACY ISSUES DNA-based Large-scale Compact size Cost of DNA Well demonstrated Potential uses in data storage data storage and data density; synthesis; in research; surveillance raise and retrieval; low energy and challenges of entering issues of consent and information maintenance data retrieval; commercialization transparency; potential storage and requirements; currently requires phase to transmit information transmission ubiquity and sequencing undetected through non- compatibility read-out for conventional with a wide range computation; means; of materials lack of potential for and organisms; standardization in-memory robustness and computation durability Cell-based Biomedicine; Ability to direct Noise creates Early phase/ Concerns related to computation environmental cellular behavior challenges for improving upon release of engineered with genetic remediation and interactions digitizing signals proof of concept organisms; potential for programming with the dual use environment Oscillation- Biomedicine; Low energy Low frequency; Early phase/ Potential for hacking/ based information requirements; relatively large improving upon interference computation processing high performance; size; limited proof of concept with cell arrays versatility; programmability; opportunity for cost/complexity 3D circuitries and of fabrication self-assembly Engineered Biomedicine Biocompatibility; Limited speed Demonstrated Potential for hacking/ molecular (especially low energy of information in multiple interference communication nanobots) ; requirements; transmission contexts, though sensing; scalability still far from communication application and commercialization Other bio- Microbiology; Advancing theory Fundamental Some technologies Concerns related to inspired nanomachines; and engineering limitations in late-phase inclusivity, equity, engineering sensing; applications in of biological development; ethics; potential for approaches and communication tandem systems; physical other areas in negative environmental devices constraints of basic research/ impacts devices early development NOTE: This table lists examples of technologies shared by workshop participants.
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Workshop planning committee members: TODD COLEMAN (Chair) , Stanford University; DENISE BAKEN, Shield Analysis Technology, LLC, ANDREW KILIANSKI, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative.
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