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Pages 14-26

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From page 14...
... 14 C H A P T E R 3 Research Findings and Applications The findings in this project consist of Research Needs Statements (RNSs) prepared by our team for the questions to which our focus was narrowed as described above.
From page 15...
... 15 Research Needs Statement 1: How and to what extent is teens' exposure to diversity of traffic/road environments in their early driving experience related to driver performance, including but not limited to crash/near crash involvement? RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT How and to what extent is teens' exposure to diversity of traffic/road environments in their early driving experience related to driver performance, including but not limited to crash/near crash involvement?
From page 16...
... 16 Key Words Novice, teen, driver, experience, exposure, road, traffic, safety, crash, near crash, event Related Work Related work has focused on teens' supervised driving experience. There is evidence that supervised practice driving is characterized mainly by routine trips in relatively benign, undemanding conditions, as opposed to potentially challenging situations such as highways, darkness, heavy traffic, or country roads.1,2 Urgency/Priority High Cost / Period of Performance $85,000 (assuming ≤ $10,000 for VTTI fees)
From page 17...
... 17 Data Specification Notes: The ‘Participant Receive License' variable is a discrete measure, so drivers with the values "18+" and "<15" will be excluded from this analysis; since the numeric age of licensure is not known in the NDS, it will not be possible to calculate an accurate experience band for those drivers. Data filter: Driver age < 20 and ‘Participant Receive License' not equal to 18+ or < 15 Variables to request under Data Use License (italicized variables are derived by VTTI)
From page 18...
... 18 SHRP2 Data Selection SHRP2 Variable VTTI Calculation time at 30-40 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver time at 40-50 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver time at 50-60 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver time at 60-70 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver time at 70-80 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver time at >80 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver distance at 0-10 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver distance at 10-20 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver distance at 20-30 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver distance at 30-40 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver distance at 40-50 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver distance at 50-60 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver distance at 60-70 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver distance at 70-80 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver distance at >80 mph Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Urb Frwy Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Urb Frwy < 4 Lns Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Urb 2 Ln Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Urb Multi Div Non-Frwy Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Urb Multi Undiv Non-Frwy Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Rur Frwy Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Rur Frwy < 4 Lns Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Rur 2 Ln Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Rur Multi Div Non-Frwy Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Rur Multi Undiv Non-Frwy Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Other Class Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver
From page 19...
... 19 SHRP2 Data Selection SHRP2 Variable VTTI Calculation % Spd Lim 35 or Less Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Spd Lim 40-50 Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Spd Lim 55-65 Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver % Spd Lim 70 or Greater Cumulative, min, max, avg for each experience band for each driver Day or Night Day - Trip start local time hour of day = 5:00 am to 8:59 pm Night - Trip start local time hour of day = 9 p.m. to 4:59 am Event detail Event Severity 1 Crash y/n y = driver was involved in at least one crash during the corresponding experience band Near crash y/n y = driver was involved in at least one near crash during the corresponding experience band
From page 20...
... 20 Research Needs Statement 2: To what extent do driving risks increase (or differ) for vulnerable teen populations, specifically those with an indication of ADHD, apart from the influence of other driver factors?
From page 21...
... 21 difficulties identifying social hazards (e.g., pedestrians) , slower reaction times, and poorer situation awareness skills.3 Urgency/Priority High Cost / Period of Performance $85,000 (assuming ≤ $10,000 for VTTI fees)
From page 22...
... 22 Data Specification Data filter: Driver age < 20 Variables to request under Data Use License (italicized variables are derived by VTTI) SHRP2 Data Selection SHRP2 Variable VTTI Calculation Driver - Barkley's ADHD Screening Test Barkley's Score Event detail Crash y/n y = driver was involved in at least one crash n = driver had no crashes during study enrollment Near crash y/n y = driver was involved in at least one near crash n = driver had no near crashes during study enrollment Crash Total Count of crashes per driver Near Crash Total Count of near crashes per driver Contributing Crash Total Count of crashes per driver where fault = ‘subject driver' Contributing Near Crash Total Count of near crashes per driver where fault = ‘subject driver' Driver Age at enrollment Education Gender Race Ethnicity Head of household [household]
From page 23...
... 23 SHRP2 Data Selection SHRP2 Variable VTTI Calculation Trip Summary Total Miles Sum of each Trip Distance
From page 24...
... 24 Research Needs Statement 3: How and to what extent does driving distraction (internal and external) contribute to teens' driving performance, including crashes and near crashes, and do these relationships change as teens gain driving experience?
From page 25...
... 25 Key Words Novice, teen, driver, safety, crash, near crash, event, distraction Related Work There is evidence that the risk of a crash or near crash for newly licensed teenage drivers increases substantially when the driver is dialing a cell phone, reaching for a cell phone, or sending or receiving text messages.1 Another (naturalistic) study of high school-age drivers found that loud conversation and horseplay among passengers was more strongly associated with near collisions and high g-force events than electronic device use and other potentially distracting behaviors.2 Many other studies have demonstrated that cell phone use and texting in particular is associated with decrements in driving performance.3,4 At the same time, research has shown that teens' crash rates decline sharply during the first year of independent driving,5 potentially related to a reduced engagement in distracting behaviors.
From page 26...
... 26 2. Goodwin, A

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