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1 Introduction
Pages 5-14

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From page 5...
... . A large network of international and regional organizations, bilateral donors, international financial institutions, and civil society organizations aims to work with governments to curb and eliminate violations at the hands of police.
From page 6...
... of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (National Academies) to convene an ad hoc consensus committee to review and assess existing evidence on policing institutions, police practices and capacities, and police legitimacy in the international context.
From page 7...
... As such, the police institution has great responsibility to act in ways consistent with laws and international human rights norms and standards. Adherence to human rights standards, understood as a set of normative commit ments (Bottoms and Tankebe, 2017)
From page 8...
... Drawing on relevant lit erature, particularly from the international context, the project will inform the State Department's capacity-building activities aimed at strengthening the effectiveness of local, in-country law enforcement agencies, building the technical skills of for eign law enforcement personnel through training and technical assistance, and assisting in institutional police reform at the local level. Each of the five (5)
From page 9...
... An effort was made to assemble a diverse set of participants who work with or study the police in different contexts, including those in Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, and the United States. The workshop discussions were framed around commissioned papers prepared by Ignacio Cano, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Geoffrey Alpert, Seth Stoughton, and Kyle McLean, University of South Carolina.
From page 10...
... It focuses on what is known about efforts to reduce the use of excessive force and what aspects of the problem require further research. It does not contain the complete proceedings of the workshop, but instead draws on resources and descriptions from the workshop discussion as relevant.2 As a project commissioned to conduct five workshops and produce five reports in a rapid production process, the committee's methods ­differ somewhat from the single consensus report model, such as the report recently prepared by the ad hoc consensus committee on proactive policing (see NASEM, 2018)
From page 11...
... The lack of transparency about the extent of excessive force may pose a major threat to the ROL and to trust in state institutions. In some countries, media and civil society organizations have begun compiling individual cases and generating estimates of people killed in police encounters.
From page 12...
... Or do officers' use of force depend on institutional structures such as formal legal rules, administrative procedures, and organizational norms? The answers to these questions are of fundamental importance for designing use-of-force policies and training programs.
From page 13...
... In the Central American context, Cruz (2015) finds that police misconduct, including physical abuse, erodes public support for police and government overall.
From page 14...
... Chapter 3 offers the committee's shared understanding of the state of knowledge regarding police policies and practices for the use of force. It also provides recommendations for international donors and reasonable steps forward to minimize the level of force used by police, identifies data needs, and focuses on use of force policies, training, and accountability mechanisms.


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