Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age (2022) / Chapter Skim
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33 C H A P T E R 3 Introduction This chapter presents current state DOT practices in the use of technologies for highway infrastructure inspection. To collect the most updated information on highway infrastructure inspection during the digital age, a web-based survey was distributed to the voting members of the AASHTO Committee on Construction, which includes DOT representatives from 50 states and the District of Columbia.
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34 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age State DOT Geospatial Technologies Remote Sensing and Monitoring Technologies Mobile Devices and Software Applications Nondestructive Evaluation Methods Alabama Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Table 3.1. Reported technology implementation for highway infrastructure inspection.
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Survey of the State of the Practice 35 construction or maintenance of assets. Thirty-two state DOTs (76%)
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36 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age 2% 10% 38% 45% 62% 62% 67% 69% 0 10 20 30 40 50 No training provided Only provided reference materials (hardcopy or electronic) Workshop Vendor demonstration Classroom based training Online training Peer training Hands on/ eld-based training Number of state DOT responses (n=42)
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Survey of the State of the Practice 37 four technology areas (geospatial technologies, remote sensing and monitoring technologies, mobile devices and software applications, and nondestructive evaluation methods) based on the responses of the 42 state DOTs.
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38 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age 28% 47% 47% 50% 59% 81% 0 10 20 30 40 Terrestrial Photogrammetry (TP) Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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Survey of the State of the Practice 39 • Verification and documentation of work completed for payment (13 DOTs, 50%) , • Monitoring construction progress (11 DOTs, 42%)
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40 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age Figure 3.6. Types of geospatial technologies used for highway infrastructure inspection during maintenance of assets.
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Survey of the State of the Practice 41 For the implementation of GIS (Table 3.3) , the top inspection activities during maintenance of highway assets based on the responses from 19 DOTs include: • Signage, culvert, guardrail, and other asset inventories and inspection (16 DOTs, 84%)
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42 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age 10% 13% 16% 23% 26% 29% 42% 45% 48% 52% 55% 74% 0 5 10 15 20 25 Access, privacy, or security concerns Incompatibility with (or restricted by) legal, regulatory, or policy requirement Quality of data collected Incompatibility with existing hardware Lack of technical results/case studies demonstrating accuracy Insufficient agency network levels, IT infrastructure/cellular service Resistance to change Device maintenance and user support Lack of standard contract specifications Cost issues Lack of reliable internet connection in remote locations Lack of training, knowledge, and skills to use technologies Number of state DOT responses (n=32)
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Survey of the State of the Practice 43 Application for Highway Construction Inspection Figure 3.9 shows the main types of remote sensing and monitoring technologies used for highway infrastructure inspection during construction. Out of 28 responses, 21 DOTs (75%)
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44 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age For the implementation of intelligent compaction (Table 3.4) , the top inspection activities during construction of highway projects based on the responses from 14 state DOTs include: • Quality control and quality assurance (six DOTs, 43%)
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Survey of the State of the Practice 45 Finally, as shown in Table 3.4, a limited number of state DOTs have used RFID and barcode and reader technologies for highway infrastructure inspection during construction. For example, the Indiana DOT mentioned that it has used RFID technology for measurement of material strength and temperature and for managing quality control and quality assurance activities.
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46 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age and landslide assessment. The Oregon and South Carolina DOTs indicated that they have used LiDAR/3D laser scanning for the location of pavement/material placement for performance tracking.
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Survey of the State of the Practice 47 7% 11% 21% 21% 21% 29% 32% 32% 43% 46% 54% 68% 0 5 10 15 20 Incompatibility with (or restricted by) legal, regulatory, or policy requirement Access, privacy, or security concerns Incompatibility with existing hardware Lack of technical results/case studies demonstrating accuracy Quality of data collected Insufficient agency network levels, IT infrastructure/cellular service Lack of standard contract specifications Resistance to change Lack of reliable internet connection in remote locations Device maintenance and user support Lack of training, knowledge, and skills to use technologies Cost issues Number of state DOT responses (n=28)
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48 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age 15% 37% 29% 20% 0 5 10 15 20 < 2 years 2-5 years 5-10 years >10 years Number of state DOT responses (n=41) Figure 3.12.
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Survey of the State of the Practice 49 sections present in more detail the uses of mobile devices and software applications for inspection of highway infrastructure during construction. For the implementation of 3D models (Table 3.6)
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50 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age For the implementation of HDCs (Table 3.6) , the top inspection activities during construction of highway projects based on the responses from 22 state DOTs include: • Monitoring construction progress (12 DOTs, 55%)
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Survey of the State of the Practice 51 (*
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52 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age 5% 13% 13% 13% 21% 26% 28% 41% 41% 46% 49% 54% 0 5 10 15 20 25 Incompatibility with (or restricted by) legal, regulatory, or policy requirement Access, privacy, or security concerns Lack of technical results/case studies demonstrating accuracy Quality of data collected Lack of standard contract specifications Incompatibility with existing hardware Insufficient agency network levels, IT infrastructure/cellular service Device maintenance and user support Resistance to change Cost issues Lack of training, knowledge, and skills to use technologies Lack of reliable internet connection in remote locations Number of state DOT responses (n=39)
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Survey of the State of the Practice 53 Figure 3.17. More than half of 28 DOT responses indicated that they have used the following nondestructive evaluation methods for highway inspection during construction: • Nuclear density gauges (26 DOTs, 93%)
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54 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age Figure 3.18. Application of nondestructive evaluation methods for highway infrastructure inspection during construction.
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Survey of the State of the Practice 55 28 DOTs, the top nondestructive evaluation methods and techniques used by state DOTs for highway inspection during maintenance of assets include: • Ground-penetrating radar (11 DOTs, 39%) , • Surface profile measuring systems (eight DOTs, 29%)
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56 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age from 21 DOTs. The top challenges in using nondestructive evaluation methods for highway infrastructure inspection during construction or asset management include: • Lack of training, knowledge, and skills to use technologies, • Cost issues, • Resistance to change, • Device maintenance and user support, and • Lack of reliable internet connection in remote locations.
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Survey of the State of the Practice 57 maintenance of assets. Figure 3.23 indicates that 53% of the 42 responding DOTs do not track the cost-effectiveness of implementing technologies.
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58 Highway Infrastructure Inspection Practices for the Digital Age The California DOT mentioned that it has tracked the cost-effectiveness of implementing technologies by comparing costs of using conventional methods versus using inspection technologies. The California DOT estimated that the ROI of geospatial technologies, remote sensing and monitoring technologies, mobile devices and software applications, and nondestructive evaluation methods is approximately 20–50%.
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Survey of the State of the Practice 59 applications; and 28 state DOTs have used nondestructive evaluation methods. In addition, more than 70% of the 42 responding state DOTs have used mobile devices and so ware applications for inspection of various infrastructure types, including roadways, signage and roadsides, bridges, earthwork and grading, drainage systems, and non-bridge structures.
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