Improving the CDC Quarantine Station Network's Response to Emerging Threats (2022) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Summary
Summary
Pages 1-16
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 1... ...
Over the past two decades, the public health, social, and economic threats posed by infectious diseases -- particularly due to emerging pathogens of epidemic and pandemic potential -- have intensified significantly, compounded by the increasing ease, speed, and range of international travel. Consequently, the DGMQ has faced an increasing number of emergency public health responses during that period, most recently COVID-19.
|
From page 2... ...
Specifically, the committee was charged with assessing the role of DGMQ quarantine stations in mitigating the risk of onward communicable disease transmission in light of changes in the global environment, including large increases in international travel, threats posed by emerging infections, and the movement of animals and cargo. The landscape has changed substantially since the IOM report in 2006, not only in terms of the increasing emergence of novel pathogens and burgeoning international travel, but also in terms of the number of quarantine stations, increases in DGMQ's responsibilities without commensurate increases in baseline funding and personnel, changes in the legal landscape for emergency responses and national security protections, evolving roles of the World Health Organization (WHO)
|
From page 3... ...
, holds primary responsibility for both monitoring incoming travelers for diseases of public health concern and planning for emergency response. All but two of the twenty quarantine stations are under the jurisdiction of the QBHSB.
|
From page 4... ...
Leveraging technology and different recruitment methods may help meet increased workforce demands. Additionally, assessing the culture of the DGMQ could also address issues of burnout and provide means of supporting staff to reduce turnover.
|
From page 5... ...
should create an effective and innovative quarantine station model that matches the expanding and changing needs of a global, mobile world and augments its work in a progressively chal lenging infectious disease environment. To achieve this recommendation, the DGMQ needs to implement these specific steps: A. Develop criteria to determine whether a quarantine station should be added, deleted, or upgraded, and adjust the current number of stations accordingly.
|
From page 6... ...
For individual travelers, the DGMQ's suite of infectious disease control tools includes travel restrictions -- specifically the Do Not Board list, the Public Health Lookout, and (in conjunction with HHS and the White House) testing and/or vaccine requirements and restrictions on travel from particular countries experiencing infectious disease outbreaks.1,2 In practice, these strategies have seen mixed success in mitigating disease spread.
|
From page 7... ...
These experiences highlight the importance of scenario planning for the most likely and/or concerning potential disease outbreaks, with the active involvement of key partners. The committee found that the DGMQ could benefit from developing operational plans for emergency response based on lessons learned from recent disease events, such as SARS, MERS, Zika, influenza, COVID-19, and Ebola.
|
From page 8... ...
should develop detailed operational plans and playbooks based on the most concerning and likely scenarios for transmissible disease threats. A. The DGMQ should develop operational plans for the most probable scenarios that are likely to have major impacts requir ing disease control interventions based on priority pathogens.
|
From page 9... ...
Innovative digital technologies for collecting and aggregating data are an essential tool for protecting public health from the introduction of diseases across international borders. These data are needed for contact tracing for individuals potentially exposed to infectious diseases, and for system reporting and monitoring and epidemic intelligence.
|
From page 10... ...
However, major technical barriers of interoperability and standardization can limit the effectiveness of innovative digital tools to support the response to an infectious disease outbreak. Furthermore, there are some issues in legal, regulatory, and governance of data collection and sharing that can also pose a barrier to the adoption and effectiveness of innovative digital tools.
|
From page 11... ...
The DGMQ's Quarantine Travel Epidemiology Team responds to reports of illness or exposure to disease that take place on airplanes, cruise ships, and cargo ships. The team works with state and local health departments, as well as with international partners, to facilitate contact investigations.
|
From page 12... ...
Forming partnerships with academic institutions could also be helpful in analyzing the effectiveness of mitigation measures from previous public health emergencies to better understand the science behind the decisions including the economic cost of pandemic related measures. Recommendation 5-1: The Division of Global Migration and Quar antine (DGMQ)
|
From page 13... ...
Recommendation 5-2: The Division of Global Migration and Quaran tine (DGMQ) should modernize health communication efforts with and for travelers to improve public understanding of disease control efforts as well as compliance.
|
From page 14... ...
LEGAL AND REGULATORY AUTHORITY The CDC has broad regulatory authority to control the introduction and interstate spread of communicable diseases in the United States. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the DGMQ has exercised powers granted to the CDC under the Public Health Service Act of 1944 (PHSA)
|
From page 15... ...
The CDC should have the authority it needs but must act consistently with scientific evidence, and only where necessary to prevent the interstate, intrastate, or international spread of infectious diseases. The CDC should also use the least restrictive alternative means that reasonably can be predicted to achieve an important public health objective.
|
From page 16... ...
2022. Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A sys tematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.