Transforming EPA Science to Meet Today's and Tomorrow's Challenges (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Monitoring for Exposure
Appendix C: Monitoring for Exposure
Pages 117-129
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From page 117... ...
With changes in energy and land use including urbanization and developments of green areas within urban zones, the formation and composition of fine particulate matter, including ultrafine particles, that affect air quality and human health have been changing. A decade ago, aerosol mass spectrometer measurements showed that the contribution of organic matter to fine particulate composition is at least as important as sulfate in the Northern Hemisphere (Jimenez et al., 2009)
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From page 118... ...
This study illustrates the largely untapped potential to leverage EPA's ground monitoring networks using remotely sensed imagery, ancillary information, and pollutant fate and transport models. Remote sensing of air quality is rapidly advancing thanks to new or planned sensor systems deployed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
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From page 119... ...
on a 1- to 7-day sample interval using a constellation of small satellites. The goal is to help resolve discrepancies between emission estimates produced from satellites, national inventories, and selfreporting programs.
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From page 120... ...
An overarching theme is that realizing the full potential of surface monitoring networks and remote sensing data depends on their fusion and assimilation into statistical and mechanistic modeling frameworks. Lightweight, inexpensive bio-loggers including global positioning systems, accelerometers, video cameras, telemetry tags, radiofrequency identification, and aquatic acoustic telemetry now make it possible to track animal movements, behavior, and physiology at scales not previously possible (Hellström et al., 2016; Jetz et al., 2022; Nathan et al., 2022; Smith and Pinter-Wollman, 2021)
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For example, thermal stratification and fish thermal preference explain vertical eDNA distributions in lakes (Littlefair et al., 2020)
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NASA plans to install the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation on the International Space Station to map the surface mineralogy of global dust source regions including large regions of the western and midwestern United States. NASA's Surface Biology and Geology (SBG)
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From page 123... ...
Small satellite constellations enable local-to-global monitoring of Earth surfaces at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Although they do not meet the rigorous performance standards of large national systems, lower-cost commercial systems designed to meet specific information needs can provide complementary data to the Earth observing systems discussed above for applications such as disaster management or detection and monitoring of fire, land clearing, oil spills, and pest species invasions (e.g., Lake et al., 2022)
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2020. Monitoring tropical forest degradation using spec tral unmixing and Landsat time series analysis.
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2018. Advances in multiangle satellite remote sensing of speciated airborne particulate matter and association with adverse health effects: From MISR to MAIA.
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2021. Airborne environmental DNA metabarcod ing detects more diversity, with less sampling effort, than a traditional plant community survey.
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2020. Thermal strat ification and fish thermal preference explain vertical eDNA distributions in lakes.
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2017. Mapping functional diversity from remotely sensed morphological and physiological forest traits.
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2017. Change detection using Landsat time series: A review of frequencies, preprocessing, algo rithms, and applications.
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