The Impact of Juvenile Justice System Involvement on the Health and Well-Being of Youth, Families, and Communities of Color Proceedings of a Workshop (2022) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
3 The Effects of Involvement with the Juvenile Justice System
3 The Effects of Involvement with the Juvenile Justice System
Pages 19-32
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 19... ...
• Many youth in juvenile justice systems do not receive adequate treatment by trained mental health professionals. (Lopez)
|
From page 20... ...
Continuing the discussion begun in the first session of the workshop, in the second session four presenters -- Linda Teplin, Northwestern University; Catherine Gallagher, George Mason University; Vera Lopez, Arizona State University; and Airto Morales, W Haywood Burns I nstitute -- looked specifically at the effects of involvement with the juvenile justice system on young people of color, their families, and their communities.
|
From page 21... ...
About three-quarters had had an alcohol use disorder, and over 80 percent had had a marijuana use disorder, though the rates of other drug disorders, including cocaine and opiates, were relatively low. The researchers have also looked at eight positive outcomes 12 years after detention: educational attainment, gainful activity, desistance from criminal activity, interpersonal functioning, parenting responsibility, residential stability and independence, mental health, and abstaining from substance abuse.
|
From page 22... ...
. prevent kids from entering the juvenile justice system, only then can we break this cycle of disorder." JUSTICE CONTACT AND HEALTH OUTCOMES In the 20th century, theories of juvenile offending tended to focus on delinquency through the lens of urbanization, immigration, and lower
|
From page 23... ...
By the 1990s and the early part of the 21st century, prevailing theories about offending cited impulsivity and low self-control, including heightened risk taking, a need for immediate gratification, low levels of focus and attention, disrupting behaviors, a need for excitement, and a lack of willpower. Even more provocatively, offending was tied to race and ethnicity through such factors as low verbal IQ, poorly developed conscience, and lack of guilt, both physiologically and psychologically.
|
From page 24... ...
She began by noting that, throughout history, societal perspectives have shaped how youth are viewed, and those perspectives vary by race, ethnicity, gender, and immigration status, particularly in a border state like Arizona. Conceptions of youth have also shaped juvenile justice policy and practice, from the idea of saving wayward youth in the first part of the 20th century to that of punishing dangerous youth beginning in the 1980s to that of treating youth in the 21st century.
|
From page 25... ...
. Further more, African American youth receive harsher sentences than do White youth with similar mental health problems, and White youth are more likely to be placed under community supervision while Latino and African American youth are more likely to be confined (Dohrn, 2004)
|
From page 26... ...
A system-wide, social justice, critical caring approach could avoid stigma and develop trust while avoiding cultural stereotypes and deficit thinking. "I encourage people to go beyond cultural competency training, which tends to reinforce cultural deficit thinking about Latinos and particularly Latinas," she said.
|
From page 27... ...
That led to a job with the counseling and criminal justice program at San Francisco State University, which enabled him to work with young people while taking advantage of his own experiences, and then to a job as a site manager at the Burns Institute, where he travels to jurisdictions across the nation to bring people in the juvenile justice system together with community members. Before the juvenile justice system existed, youth went to the same prisons as adults, where they faced tremendous levels of abuse -- "physical abuse, mental abuse, sexual abuse," Morales observed.
|
From page 28... ...
This conversation needs to include the history of the youth justice system, the history of the adult system, and existing policies that exacerbate racial and ethnic disparities. It also needs to take the obvious flaws in the system into account.
|
From page 29... ...
But we've got to start thinking about how we develop true partnerships and have represen tation on campus of those populations that are being affected." Academia
|
From page 30... ...
She also noted that researchers tend to study community members who are disadvantaged but not the people and institutions that create dis advantage. "We don't have evidence-based interventions or empathy training for changing the minds of the policymakers who are doing this and have been doing this for hundreds of years." Studying Successes and Protective Factors Mario De La Rosa, professor of public health and social work at Florida International University and a member of the roundtable, called attention to the need to study people from disadvantaged communities who do not get involved in juvenile justice systems.
|
From page 31... ...
"This is a critical system to address when we think about the trajectories of youth in the juvenile justice system." Sue McWilliams, assistant professor at the Northern Arizona University School of Nursing, also pointed out that school systems are poorly funded. "We still live in a segregated country, and we still have policies in place where youth of color are primarily attending segregated schools in poor neighborhoods.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.