Supporting Individual Risk Assessment during COVID-19 (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction
Introduction
Pages 2-12
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6 The full statement of task states: "The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will produce a rapid expert consultation to assist decision makers in communicating about assessing personal and community risks related to COVID-19 to guide individual decision-making. This assessment will take into consideration that many states and localities have started rolling back mitigation measures, leaving individuals to make their own decisions about protective behaviors and risks.
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As of March 2022, the COVID-19 cumulative crude death rates per 100,000 population were 453 for Native Americans, 347 for Pacific Islanders, and 343 for Blacks, compared with 325 for Whites, 261 for Latinx individuals, and 160 for Asian Americans.7 The CDC data tracker also shows that as of May 26, 2022, 71.5 percent of counties in the United States were classified as having low COVID-19 community levels, with levels classified as medium in 20.7 percent and as high in 7.8 percent (CDC, 2022c)
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Assessing personal COVID-19 risks requires translating population risks into personally relevant terms, accommodating such health-related risk factors as obesity, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , or immunocompromised status (e.g., due to age, cancer treatment)
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front-line worker Event space: indoor or outdoor, ventilated or unventilated, air filtration Previous rapid expert consultations and reports of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) have provided guidance focused on communicating uncertainty; presenting clear and aligned public health messages; engaging communities in building confidence in COVID-19 vaccines; and ensuring equitable access to testing, therapeutics, and vaccines (NASEM, 2017, 2020a; 2021c,d,e)
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A rapid scoping review9 of communication during the COVID-19 pandemic found that people receive pandemic-related health risk information from a broad range of formal channels and sources, including television; newspapers; scientific articles and summaries; federal, state, and local government websites; radio; government SMSs; and a web of interpersonal and informal sources, including friends, family, health care professionals, social media, and other online outlets (Berg et al., 2021)
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The sections below elaborate on each in turn, providing practical implications and points of access to the supporting research literatures. BOX 2 Strategies for Supporting Individual Risk Assessment for COVID-19 • Build trust and credibility: Transparency is essential to building trust in public health officials, evidence, and recommendations.
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Foremost among them is partnering with community-serving organizations that can provide trusted channels, tailor messages, and hear community concerns. Emphasizing common values and aligned interests can also help in building trust.
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They require sharing uncertainties, avoiding spin, and preparing people for changes. In an open society with multiple information sources, health officials are vulnerable to criticism if they exaggerate risks to motivate action or underplay them to reassure the public (NASEM, 2020a)
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. COVID-19 stories that contextualize risks without resorting to fear tactics can help people assess risk by envisioning possible situations and creating mental models for how to behave in those situations.
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continuous community engagement that entails establishing two-way communication channels and hearing multiple voices; (2) engagement using multiple channels to accommodate those who cannot attend in-person meetings, those who cannot access the internet, those who are incarcerated, and those who speak other languages; (3)
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SEAN is interested in your feedback. Was this rapid expert consultation useful?
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