Laying the Foundation for New and Advanced Nuclear Reactors in the United States (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 193-212
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2021b. "A Strategy to Unlock the Potential of Nuclear Energy for a New and Resilient Global Energy-Industrial Paradigm." The Bridge 51(2)
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2023. "Dow and X-Energy Advance Efforts to Deploy First Advanced Small Modular Nuclear Reactor at Industrial Site Under DOE's Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program." X-Energy.
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In contrast, the technology development gaps for the lower maturity advanced reactor technologies are related to the viability and performance confirmation of key reactor features -- for example, materials compatibility and corrosion behavior in a radiation field; demonstration of materials to show strength, corrosion resistance, and irradiation stability during operation; demonstration of tritium mitigation by control and monitoring; and integral performance of passive safety systems. The following sections provide a few specific examples where further technology development is required for particular reactor designs.
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. This waste management issue is discussed in detail in the companion National Academies' study, Merits and Viability of Different Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Technology Options and the Waste Aspects of Advanced Nuclear Reactors (NASEM 2022)
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2022. Merits and Viability of Different Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Technology Options and the Waste Aspects of Advanced Nuclear Reactors.
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A recent study indicated that for DOE NE funded programs since 1998, Numerically, more than half have been dedicated to advanced nuclear initiatives: on average, these have lasted less than 5 years and cost less than $160 million each. Using DOE's own roadmaps as a guide, these are of neither the duration nor the funding level necessary to develop a non-light water reactor.
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From page 199... ...
The other was the Nuclear Power 2010 Program (NP 2010) , which began in 2001 and succeeded in supporting two light water reactor designs through the development, licensing, and siting process -- that is, Westinghouse AP1000 and the GE-Hitachi Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR)
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Technology Development Center Advanced Burner Reactor Demo Advanced Fuel Cycle Facility Consolidated Fuel Treatment Facility Advanced Small Modular Reactors Advanced Reactor Tech Supercritical Transformational Electric Power Cross-cutting Crosscutting Tech Development Energy Innovation Hub for Modeling and Simulation Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation Nuclear Energy Plant Optimization (NEPO) Light Water Nuclear Power 2010 (NP 2010)
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Perhaps an extension of government support, to include construction and initial commercial deployment, may be considered for the Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program (ARDP)
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designs for many of the advanced reactors that are now being supported by DOE. This section reviews the current role of government in reactor demonstrations.
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. Taken together, DOE is now funding a large development and demonstration program that is meant to provide eventual demonstrations of at least two and possibly more of these diverse advanced reactors designs.
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global leadership in nuclear energy R&D, while attracting potential collaborations, investments, and personnel from international research partners. The fast-neutron VTR was planned to be constructed by 2030 to accelerate testing of advanced nuclear fuels, materials, and components.
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technology for advanced nuclear reactors and transform operations and maintenance (O&M) systems for advanced nuclear plants.
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2023b. "Advanced Reactors Demonstration Program." https://www.energy.gov/ne/advanced-reactor-demonstration-program.
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Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The President shares any proposed agreement for consultation to the House Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations along with an unclassified Nuclear Proliferation Assessment Statement (NPAS)
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The Department of State perceives the 123 Agreements as having an agnostic perspective on their application to new and advanced reactors and their related technologies (Warden 2021)
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F Acronyms and Abbreviations ABWR Advanced Boiling Water Reactor AI artificial intelligence AMO Advanced Manufacturing Office ANS American Nuclear Society ARDP Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program ARPA-E Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers BTO Building Technologies Office CCF common cause failure CCUS carbon capture, utilization, or sequestration COL Combined Operating License DC Design Certification DoD Department of Defense DOE Department of Energy DOE-NE Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy DSO distribution system operator EBR-II Experimental Breeder Reactor II EIA Energy Information Administration EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPC engineering, procurement, and construction EPRI Electric Power Research Institute EPZ emergency planning zone ESBWR Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor EXIM export-import bank 209
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210 NEW AND ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTORS IN THE UNITED STATES FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FHR fluoride-molten-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor FLiBe lithium-fluoride, beryllium fluoride molten salt FOAK first-of-a-kind GAIN Gateway for Accelerated Innovation in Nuclear GEMINA Generating Electricity Managed by Intelligent Nuclear Assets GFR gas-cooled fast reactor HALEU high-assay low-enrichment uranium HTGR high-temperature gas-cooled reactor IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency INL Idaho National Laboratory INPO Institute of Nuclear Power Operations IRA Inflation Reduction Act ISO Independent System Operator LCOE levelized cost of energy LPO Loan Program Office LWR light water reactor MEITNER Modeling-Enhanced Innovations Trailblazing Nuclear Energy Reinvigoration MOPR Minimum Offer Price Rule MOU memorandum of understanding MSR molten-salt-fuel-cooled reactor NCMOU Nuclear Cooperation Memoranda of Understanding NEA Nuclear Energy Agency NOAK nth-of-a-kind NPM Nuclear Power Module NPP nuclear power plant NQA-1 Nuclear Quality Assurance NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRIC National Reactor Innovation Center NSUF Nuclear Science User Facilities O&M operation and maintenance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PCU power conversion unit PNNL Pacific Northwest National Laboratory PPA Power Purchase Agreement PWR pressurized water reactor QA quality assurance R&D research and development ROW rest of the world RTO Regional Transmission Operator
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APPENDIX F 211 SDA standard design approval SFR sodium fast reactor SMR small modular reactor TRISO UCO tri-structural isotropic fuel of uranium-oxycarbide TSO transmission system operator VPP virtual power plant
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Modeling efforts focus on evaluating the role of disruptive energy technologies that sit at a low level of technical readiness, including energy storage systems, advanced nuclear power, and negative emissions technologies. His research advances technology process modeling, systems engineering, and quantitative risk and decision analysis.
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