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Appendix A: Acronyms, Initialisms, and Glossary
Pages 133-144

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From page 133...
... Appendix A Acronyms, Initialisms, and Glossary ABLH atmospheric boundary layer height AD activity data AFOLU agriculture, forestry, and other land use API American Petroleum Institute AVIRIS-NG Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer -- Next Generation BC black carbon BUR biennial update report CAIT Climate Analysis Indicators Tool CARIBIC Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container CBIT Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency CDIAC Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center CEDS Community Emissions Data System CEMS continuous emission monitoring system CEOS Committee on Earth Observation Satellites CFC chlorofluorocarbon Climate TRACE Tracking Real-time Atmospheric Carbon Emissions CMS Carbon Monitoring System CO2M Copernicus Carbon Dioxide Monitoring mission COCCON COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network COP Conference of Parties DAO decentralized autonomous organization EC eddy covariance EDF Environmental Defense Fund 133
From page 134...
... Environmental Protection Agency ESA European Space Agency ESG environmental, social, and governance ETF Enhanced Transparency Framework EU European Union FAIR findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FFCO2 fossil fuel CO2 FTIR Fourier transform spectroscopy GAW Global Atmospheric Watch GCoM Global Covenant of Mayors GCP Global Carbon Project GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GHG greenhouse gas GHGRP U.S. EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program GOSAT Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite GRACED Global Gridded Daily CO2 Emissions Dataset GST Global Stocktake of the Paris Agreement GWP global warming potential HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon HFC hydrofluorocarbon IAGOS In service Aircraft for a Global Observation System ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICLEI International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives ICOS Integrated Carbon Observing System IEA International Energy Agency IG3IS WMO Integrated Global Greenhouse Gas Information System IMEO International Methane Emissions Observatory INFLUX Indianapolis Flux Experiment InTEM Inversion Technique for Emission Modelling IoT Internet of Things IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ISO International Organization for Standardization JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency LCA life-cycle analysis LUC land-use change LULUC land use and land-use change LULUCF land-use, land-use change, and forestry
From page 135...
... National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration OC organic compound OCO Orbiting Carbon Observatory ODIAC Open-source Data Inventory for Anthropogenic CO2 OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OP-FTIR open path Fourier transform spectroscopy PermianMAP Permian Methane Analysis Project PFC perfluorocarbon PM particulate matter PRIMAP-hist Potsdam Real-time Integrated Model for probabilistic Assessment of emissions Paths PRISMA PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa QA/QC quality assurance/quality control ROW rest of world SCIAMACHY SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY SDI Spatial Data Infrastructure SLCF short-lived climate forcer TCCON Total Carbon Column Observing Network TCFD Task Force for Climate-related Financial Disclosures TROPOMI TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument U.K. United Kingdom UN United Nations UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNSD United Nations Statistics Division U.S.
From page 136...
... : Agriculture, forestry, and other land use plays a central role for food security and sustainable development. The main mitigation options within AFOLU involve one or more of three strategies: prevention of emissions to the atmosphere by conserving existing carbon pools in soils or vegetation or by reducing emissions of methane and N2O; sequestration -- increasing the size of existing carbon pools, and thereby extracting CO2 from the atmosphere; and substitution -- substituting biological products for fossil fuels or energyintensive products, thereby reducing CO2 emissions.
From page 137...
... Carbon dioxide (CO2) : The main anthropogenic sources of CO2 are as a by-product of burning fossil fuels (such as oil, natural gas, and coal)
From page 138...
... : The intentional or unintentional release of greenhouse gases that occurs during the exploration, processing, and delivery of fossil fuels to the point of final use. This excludes greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion for the production of useful heat or power.
From page 139...
... . Short-lived atmospheric gases with major human emissions like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and non-methane volatile organic compounds are GHG precursors because they can also increase levels of tropospheric ozone.
From page 140...
... Mitigation: In the context of climate change, mitigation relates to a human intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases. Examples include using fossil fuels more efficiently for industrial processes or electricity generation, switching to solar energy or wind power, improving the insulation of buildings and expanding forests and other "sinks" to remove greater amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere.
From page 141...
... , but important contributions also come from wastewater treatment, fossil fuel combustion, and chemical industrial processes (Allwood et al., 2014)
From page 142...
... Changes in their emissions can also induce long-term climate effects via, in particular, their interactions with some biogeochemical cycles. SLCFs are classified as direct or indirect, with direct SLCFs exerting climate effects through their radiative forcing and indirect SLCFs being the precursors of other direct climate forcers.
From page 143...
... APPENDIX A 143 of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system." It contains commitments for all Parties under the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities." Under the Convention, Parties included in Annex I aimed to return greenhouse gas emissions not controlled by the Montreal Protocol to 1990 levels by the year 2000. The convention entered in force in March 1994.


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