Greenhouse Gas Emissions Information for Decision Making A Framework Going Forward (2022) / Chapter Skim
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These converging trends motivated a need for basic criteria or principles that users and decision makers could use when evaluating different types of GHG emissions information. In this study, the Committee examines existing and emerging approaches used to generate and evaluate anthropogenic GHG emissions information at global to local scales.
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• To the extent possible, identify ways to improve methodological transparency, sustainability and continuity of relevant observations, and product confidence in global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions inventories, including key data gaps that could be addressed, improvements needed in models and analytical tools, and opportunities for collaboration among data provid ers, researchers, regulatory agencies, and decision makers. Approaches for Quantifying Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions Anthropogenic contributions to the current warming trend globally are driven mainly by the well-mixed GHGs (carbon dioxide [CO2]
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Hybrid approaches are nascent and hold the possibility of combining multiple measurement streams and atmospheric- and activity based approaches to produce more complete and accurate estimates of GHG emissions and sinks. Data and information products developed using the above approaches have been widely utilized by the scientific and regulatory communities to support emissions reporting, but a number FIGURE S-1 Hybrid approaches generate greenhouse gas emissions information through the combination and more complete integration of activity data (blue)
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Framework for Evaluating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Information As more GHG emissions information becomes available and as more decision makers use this information, a common evaluation framework can help users determine what information products best meet their needs and understand the limitations of that information. A common framework can also provide guidance to researchers for designing more useful and trusted data and information.
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The application of the six pillars of the framework to both individual datasets and approaches as well as the structures that support the development, provision, and exchange of GHG emissions information would advance the current complex GHG emissions information landscape toward one that could more comprehensively meet the needs of users and decision makers. Strengthening GHG emissions information to satisfy these pillars at local and subnational levels would help to build international coordination and support.
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Greenhouse gas emissions information providers should clearly communicate underlying data, methods, and associated uncertainties. While the information clearinghouse or federated repository effort described above would be a longer-term undertaking for the global community, actionable steps can be taken by data providers in the short term to enhance the transparency of GHG emissions information where feasible.
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Operationalizing Current Capabilities Greenhouse gas emissions estimation research efforts should transition with urgency to operational capabilities with institutions to maintain and ensure longevity. As the urgency to immediately reduce GHG emissions is increasing, decision makers likewise need the best-available, comprehensive information about emissions as soon as possible.
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The time lag to integrate relevant findings from new research into developing empirical- or measurement-informed inventories limits development and execution of sound mitigation policy, and delays transmittal of appropriate market signals for investments and technology development related to mitigation programs by various stakeholders. Usability and timeliness of GHG emissions information can be enhanced if data producers and users engage in an iterative process, which the clearinghouse or federated repository could support, to facilitate investments in systems that are focused on providing decision support and responsive to an evolving policy-making landscape.
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This report provides a framework for evaluating anthropogenic GHG emissions information that can be adapted as information systems become more complex and to serve a range of decisionmaking needs. Case studies are provided in the report for several existing approaches to GHG emissions information development, including discussion of advantages and areas for potential improvements.
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