Emerging Hazards in Commercial Aviation—Report 1: Initial Assessment of Safety Data and Analysis Processes (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 33-46
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33 In late 2019, in the aftermath of the 737 Max 8 crashes, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducted a safety culture survey of the roughly 7,000 member staff in its Aviation Safety (AVS)
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34 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION -- REPORT 1 BOX 3-1 Excerpts from Shepardson (2020) , Reuters The safety culture survey, conducted in late 2019 and in focus groups in early 2020, said employees and managers reported "external pressure from industry is strong and is impacting" the safety culture.
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SAFETY CULTURE AND ITS ASSESSMENT 35 TABLE 3-1 Traits of a Positive Safety Culture Traits Behaviors Leadership Safety Values and Actions Leaders demonstrate a commitment to safety in their decisions and behaviors. Problem Identification and Resolution Issues potentially impacting safety are promptly identified, fully evaluated, and promptly addressed and corrected commensurate with their significance.
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36 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION -- REPORT 1 culture report quoted extensively herein is recommended as a reference for the research that validates and elaborates on these traits (NASEM, 2016) .1 The traits listed in the table are interrelated.
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SAFETY CULTURE AND ITS ASSESSMENT 37 that 6% of the AVS 7,000-member workforce has raised safety issues with FAA management. The committee looks forward to learning about these reports in subsequent briefings from AVS.
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38 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION -- REPORT 1 BOX 3-2 Five Practices for Developing "Mindfulness" 1. Preoccupation with failure.
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SAFETY CULTURE AND ITS ASSESSMENT 39 with focus groups are appropriate beginning steps in safety culture assessment, as described in the next section. The details of the survey instrument were not established at the time of the committee's briefing (January 2022)
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40 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION -- REPORT 1 METHODS FOR ASSESSING SAFETY CULTURE As noted, the culture of an organization can be difficult to assess, particularly the deeply rooted beliefs and values that are taken for granted and not easily identified or articulated.3 In addition, culture tends to be dynamic in response to circumstances, such as changes in leadership, and can vary across departments, locations, and professions. Several methods are used to assess organizational culture, each with pros and cons as summarized below.
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SAFETY CULTURE AND ITS ASSESSMENT 41 employees that they are being heard and that management is investigating how to address the issues they have raised. • To identify strengths, weaknesses and gaps, and potential improvements -- An assessment spanning different subgroups, functions, and operational areas of the organization can provide an opportunity to examine the consistency of the culture and tailor improvement efforts to specific concerns.
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42 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION -- REPORT 1 TABLE 3-2 Methods for Assessing Safety Culture Method Description Advantage Disadvantage Ethnography (from Anthropology) Deriving meaning and insight from observation and interactions with insiders over an extended period of time.
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SAFETY CULTURE AND ITS ASSESSMENT 43 TABLE 3-2 Methods for Assessing Safety Culture Method Description Advantage Disadvantage Ethnography (from Anthropology) Deriving meaning and insight from observation and interactions with insiders over an extended period of time.
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44 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION -- REPORT 1 From this review of the state of the art in safety culture assessment, the committee draws key lessons for AVS to apply: assurance of management commitment and responsiveness, organizational ownership of the process rather than complete reliance on outside experts, and use of multiple methods beyond surveys and focus groups. CONCLUSIONS This chapter provides a brief introduction and overview of safety culture theory, best practice in safety culture assessment, and the importance and value of it to FAA.
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SAFETY CULTURE AND ITS ASSESSMENT 45 For the commercial aviation community more broadly, safety culture assessments can provide valuable insight into organizational commitment to safety values. Survey results, focus group interpretation, and other indicators of drift or vigilance can help managers ensure that controls put in place are being implemented as intended.
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46 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION -- REPORT 1 Reason, J
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