Emerging Hazards in Commercial Aviation—Report 1: Initial Assessment of Safety Data and Analysis Processes (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 5-12
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From page 5... ...
5 In response to a request from Congress in Section 132 of the Aircraft Certification, Safety, and Accountability Act of 2020 (the Act) , a committee operating under the auspices of the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was formed to "identify, categorize, and analyze emerging safety trends in air transportation." This report is the first of six reports over a 10-year period.
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6 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION -- REPORT 1 FIGURE 1-1 Annual commercial aviation fatal accident rates, 1959–2020. SOURCE: The Boeing Company, 2021.
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INTRODUCTION 7 to manage safety by air carriers, manufacturers, suppliers, air traffic management, and regulators. These enhancements have created multiple protections through "front-line" defenses such as careful choices in criteria for pilot selection and training, guidance for appropriate use of standard operating procedures, and widespread adoption of systems for detecting and resolving hazardous states such as flight toward terrain.
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8 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION -- REPORT 1 BOX 1-1 Statement of Task In response to a request from Congress, this project will "identify, categorize, and analyze emerging safety trends in air transportation." The committee will review data and analyses of all relevant sources of information, such as operational data being used by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the air transport industry to monitor for potential safety concerns; government and industry voluntary aviation safety reporting systems; FAA's annual safety culture assessment; and other sources the committee deems appropriate, including National Transportation Safety Board accident investigations; FAA investigations of accidents and incidents; air carrier incidents and safety indicators; and international investigations of accidents and incidents, including information from foreign authorities and the International Civil Aviation Organization.
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INTRODUCTION 9 authority for some aspects of analysis to the applicant; whether subsequent updates to certification requirements via airworthiness directives should be reviewed to highlight gaps in certification processes; the role of the pilot in highly automated aircraft; introduction of advanced materials into aircraft design whose properties are not as well characterized as traditional materials; manufacturing quality control; outputs from SMSs and how they are utilized to manage risk; and the adequacy of precursor data for assessing all types of hazards. The committee understood these examples as not limiting its consideration but instead indicating a broad scope for its inquiries into data sources and methods for monitoring, analysis, and addressing the full range of potential safety issues covering design, manufacturing, operations, and regulatory oversight.
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10 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION -- REPORT 1 employed; consideration of sources of emerging trends including potential changes both in technology and certification procedures and in stressors on aviation safety, and feedback of information generated by these processes back into improved designs, operating procedures, and safety management. The specific items of the committee's Statement of Task (SOT)
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INTRODUCTION 11 culture was not complete in time for this report and will be covered in the second report. The committee's initial assessment of "whether these available sources of information are being analyzed in ways that can help identify emerging safety risks" is provided at the end of Chapter 4.
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12 EMERGING HAZARDS IN COMMERCIAL AVIATION -- REPORT 1 As noted above, this report provides a high-level assessment of the principal U.S. effort for identifying emerging hazards.
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