Technical Assessment of the Capital Facility Needs of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (2023) / Chapter Skim
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2 NIST Overview
2 NIST Overview
Pages 16-28
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From page 16... ...
innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve quality of life." Its vision is to "be the world's leader in creating critical measurement solutions and promoting equitable standards.
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NIST is divided into three main units that are described below: • Laboratory programs, which perform the measurement science mission • The innovation and industry services directorate that oversees external programs • Management resources, which provides support services Laboratory Programs NIST research is performed in six laboratories, overseen by the associate director for Laboratory Programs, which drive the measurement science mission and activities. These are the • Communications Technology Laboratory (CTL)
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. The NIST laboratories also support 10 collaborative research institutes that extend their measurement science program by leveraging expertise within various partner institutions.
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In 2022, this activity received $812 million. The laboratory programs generally receive an additional non-appropriated $100 million or so per year from other government agencies and companies to perform reimbursable measurement sciences work.
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manufacturing • Promote research, applications, and standards for emerging technologies such as quantum computing, artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and advanced communications • Strengthen U.S. participation in technical standards development • Strengthen the competitiveness of America's R&D ecosystem through inclusive commercialization and technology transfer of critical and emerging technologies • Develop and disseminate robust technical standards and cybersecurity best practices and improve the security and integrity of the technology supply chain In addition, NIST further contributes to 15 of the 23 strategic objectives within the plan's five strategic goals (DOC 2022)
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As new technologies evolve and become more complex, NIST's research and services remain central to innovation, productivity, trade, and public safety and security. Through this work, the NIST laboratory programs provide industry, other agencies, and academia with the scientific underpinnings for basic and derived measurement units, internationally accepted standards, measurement and calibration services, and certified reference materials.
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NIST improved speed of light measurements to a world record accuracy and precision that led to the redefinition of the meter length in terms of light properties by 1983. This eliminated the need for a carefully controlled physical meter bar for length calibration.
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NIST continues to evaluate and select encryption standards for the United States, with a current focus on post-quantum cryptographic standards that are resistant to attack using quantum computation techniques that can potentially break encryption keys through accelerated prime number factorization. The NIST Cybersecurity Framework1 integrates industry standards and best practices to help organizations manage their cybersecurity risks.
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Measurements of the mechanical properties of steel from the World Trade Center buildings at normal and elevated temperatures led to the development and validation of performance criteria for fire resistive steel. The National Construction Safety Team is presently investigating the 2021 Surfside, Florida, condominium collapse.
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NIST supports first responder communications through the Public Safety Communications Research program that brings together hundreds of communications vendors and first responders to support the development of communications technologies for public safety, including test bed measurements, and standards using NIST's LTE (Long Term Evolution) test network.
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. This test bed allows the measurement of end-to-end 5G performance, including new millimeter wave frequencies, as well as IEEE 802.11 WIFI bands and Internet of 5 For more information, see https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2016/06/million-pound-deadweight-machine-officially-open-business, accessed June 28, 2022.
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As the next chapter describes, the increasing demands of precision measurement have outstripped the level of facility performance required, and many NIST laboratory facilities are not fit for purpose. While this chapter describes the extraordinary value that NIST has provided to the nation, it is unlikely that this track record of excellence can continue within deteriorating NIST facilities.
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2000a. "The Economic Impacts of NIST Cholesterol Standards." Plan ning Report 00-4.
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