Corrosion of Buried Steel at New and In-Service Infrastructure (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 1-10
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From page 1... ...
The mechanisms of steel corrosion are well understood theoretically, but the complexity of the subsurface makes it difficult to predict with certainty where, when, by which mechanisms, and at what rates corrosion will occur, and therefore to determine the most effective infrastructure design and corrosion protection measures. When corrosion occurs, it often is difficult to determine whether it is the result of inaccurate site characterization and prediction of environmental corrosivity, poor choice of steel design or protection, material defects, poor construction or quality control practices, insufficient monitoring or maintenance, changes in subsurface conditions, or some combination of these factors.
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From page 2... ...
Significantly improving understanding of corrosion mechanisms and rates for buried steel will require multidisciplinary approaches to investigation informed by an inclusive vocabulary that is easily translated among disciplines. Comprehensive long-term multivariate experiments are needed that will allow collection of observational data regarding the individual and combined contributions of subsurface properties on environmental corrosivity,
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From page 3... ...
Recommendation 1: Standards-making bodies from different industries, in collaboration with the public agencies with responsibilities related to buried steel infrastructure, and researchers interested in understanding and preventing buried steel corrosion should develop a common lexicon with precise definitions associated with corrosion of steel and the characterization and monitoring of subsurface environments in which steel is buried or placed. Because standards-making bodies already influence practices in the public and private sectors, their collaborative development and dissemination of a common lexicon would help the technical communities that they serve incorporate the vocabulary into their work.
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From page 4... ...
Needed is controlled longitudinal research that quantifies the conditions that lead to increased corrosivity, that identify corrosion mechanisms under those conditions, and that allow prediction of corrosion rates. Recommendation 2: Coordinated groups of multidisciplinary researchers, supported through commit ments from private- and public-sector organizations and agencies with interest in or responsibilities related to buried steel infrastructure, should conduct comprehensive, long-term experiments to quantify corrosion rates and mechanisms associated with multiple variables on steel buried both in controlled and in carefully characterized natural subsurface conditions.
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From page 5... ...
Until data from longitudinal and multivariate experiments are available, systematic examination of existing data may be useful to identify statistically important relations among various properties and with corrosion and corrosion rates. Advanced analytical techniques can be applied to identify previously unrecognized relevant synergies between different subsurface properties and their relationships to corrosivity.
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From page 6... ...
Many existing simple DSSs guide the choice of just a few standard tests from specific industry groups based on a few observed site conditions. A more comprehensive characterization framework and DSS is needed that informs decisions related to subsurface characterization appropriate for multiple combinations of subsurface properties and informed by standards from multiple sectors and industry groups.
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From page 7... ...
Surface changes to be monitored include but are not limited to changes in land, land use, and atmospheric conditions that affect surface and groundwater flow, and any asset management decisions by colocated infrastructure managers that might affect subsurface hydrology, geochemistry, microbiology, or the production of stray currents. Until corrosivity, corrosion, and corrosion rates can be directly measured, infrastructure managers will rely on indirect measurements to estimate corrosivity and corrosion rates.
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From page 8... ...
With an increased availability of standardized, multidisciplinary, and high-quality data collected from well-documented sites, engineering practitioners could investigate and better understand the contributions of combined subsurface properties to corrosivity and corrosion rates in a given type of environment so that future site characterization investigations can be designed more effectively, infrastructure design and management are more efficient, and monitoring programs can target environments and conditions shown to be problematic for certain types of infrastructure. Developing a data clearinghouse is a long-term investment.
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From page 9... ...
Given the complexities of the subsurface environment and the numerous factors that contribute to corrosivity and corrosion rates, improved multidisciplinary understanding of corrosion and corrosivity will yield better decisions related to site characterization, corrosion prediction, steel design and protection, and installation than decisions based on the routine application of higher factors of safety. Better performing infrastructure will result.
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