Toward a 21st Century National Data Infrastructure: Mobilizing Information for the Common Good (2023) / Chapter Skim
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national data infrastructure has relied on the operations of the federal statistical system and the data assets that it holds. Throughout the 20th century, federal statistical agencies aggregated survey responses from households and businesses to produce information about the nation and diverse subpopulations.
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A new data infrastructure can take advantage of experiences in the five years following the Commission's recommendations to further expand the value and uses of statistical data coordinated from multiple sectors. In the interest of advancing a national data infrastructure, in 2019 the National Academies' Committee on National Statistics formulated the following definition: The data infrastructure consists of data assets; the technologies used to dis cover, access, share, process, use, analyze, manage, store, preserve, protect, and secure those assets; the people, capacity, and expertise needed to man age, use, interpret, and understand data; the guidance, standards, policies, and rules that govern data access, use, and protection; the organizations and entities that manage, oversee, and govern the data infrastructure; and the communities and data subjects whose data is shared and used for statistical purposes and may be impacted by decisions that are made using those data assets.
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This report describes the need for a new national data infrastructure, presents an initial vision, and describes expected outcomes and key attributes of a new national data infrastructure. The report also discusses the implications of blending data from multiple sources as well as the organizational implications of cross-sector data access and use.
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Safeguards and Advanced Privacy-Enhancing Practices to Minimize Possible Individual Harm The panel notes that the social benefits of statistical information need not come at the price of increased threats to individuals' privacy and confidentiality; the interests and rights of data subjects must be respected. In the panel's view, any harm to individuals from building and operating a new data infrastructure should be minimized.
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Mobilization of Relevant Digital Data Assets, Blended in Statistical Aggregates to Provide Benefits to Data Holders, with Societal Benefits Proportionate to Possible Costs and Risks In the panel's vision, a new data infrastructure should have access to relevant, existing, digital assets for the creation of essential aggregates. 1 In this chapter and throughout the report, the term "professionalism" in compiling na tional statistics -- either within the existing federal statistical system or the new data infrastructure -- is based on authoritative information presented by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2021)
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However, many laws and regulations do prohibit federal statistical agencies from using existing data for statistical purposes. In the panel's vision of a 21st century national data infrastructure, it is assumed that the
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Governance Framework and Standards Effectively Supporting Operations In the panel's opinion, legal reforms enabling a new data infrastructure must be accompanied by a set of practices and policies consistent with the spirit of the law. Such a data-governance framework includes guiding principles, authorities, structures, and directives for the infrastructure.
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Transparency to the Public Regarding Analytical Operations Using the Infrastructure In the panel's opinion, at any time, the public, data holders, and data subjects should be able to understand how their data are used, by whom, for what purposes, and to what societal benefit. Transparency is a p rerequisite for accountability, enabling the public to express concerns, seek redress, and oversee compliance with a new data infrastructure's stated mission.
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