Reducing Racial Inequality in Crime and Justice Science, Practice, and Policy (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 148-155
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From page 148... ...
As described in Chapters 5 and 6, this accompanies a choice by policy makers not to proportionally invest in public health or social welfare. THE FORMS AND EXPANSION OF RACIAL CRIMINALIZATION Changes in criminal justice policy and the disproportionate impact on Black, Latino, and Native American communities since the early 1970s have been widely documented by political scientists, sociologists, and p olicy researchers (C.
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From page 149... ...
. Researchers have discussed three policy changes developing out of the politics of law and order that have been important for how structural racism evolved in the criminal justice system.
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Period prevalence estimates are helpful for thinking about racial inequality by describing race differences in the exposure of specific birth cohorts to criminal justice contact and its consequences.
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. The early Bureau estimates have since been refined to measure the experience of specific birth cohorts and to reflect a variety of forms of criminal justice contact (Table 4-1)
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. CRIMINAL JUSTICE CONTACT AS CUMULATIVE DISADVANTAGE Racial inequality can increase through the sequential stages of criminal processing from police contact through arrest, sentencing, and incarceration.
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. In the following sections, we document and explain how racial inequality is pro duced across system stages, and how criminal processing may amplify and concentrate the negative consequences of criminal justice contact among racial minority populations.
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Black young adults who had early contact with police were 11 times more likely to have been arrested than Black students who had not had an encounter with police. Individual contact with the criminal justice system may also occur through the school disciplinary process and the presence of police in schools.
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From page 155... ...
. Finally, under modern rules, prior juvenile system involvement may also be used as a mitigating or enhancing factor in later adult prosecutions, affecting the consequences of criminal justice involvement for youth later in their lives.
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