Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades The Ninth Biennial Review - 2022 (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 17-28
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From page 17... ...
. The following represent legally defined geographic terms used in this report: The Everglades Protection Area is defined in the Everglades Forever Act as • comprising WCA-1, -2A, -2B, -3A, and -3B and Everglades National Park.
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aha Caloos West Palm Beach Ft. Myers Everglades Agricultural WCA 1 Area G u l f o f WCA 2A M e x i c o Alligator Alley Naples WCA 2B Fort Ta Big Cypress WCA Lauderdale mi 3A am National i Trai l Preserve WCA 3B South Florida Miami ecosystem Biscayne Bay Everglades ALA.
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West Palm Mexico Ft. Myers Caloosahatc Beach Naples Fort Lauderdale Miami MANAGED LANDS Federal lands State lands 0 30 mi 0 30 km FIGURE 1-3 Land and waters managed by the State of Florida and the federal government as of December 2005 for conservation purposes within the South Florida ecosystem.
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of WRDA 2000 as all the land and water managed by the federal government and state within the South Florida ecosystem (see Figure 1-3 and Box 1-1)
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In Chapter 4, the committee reviews progress with stormwater treatment areas and the importance of their success to CERP progress. In Chapter 5, the committee reviews the use of climate change science in CERP projects, operations, and programmatic planning.
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These early projects included dredging canals in the Kissimmee River Basin and constructing a channel connecting Lake Okeechobee to the Caloosahatchee River and, ultimately, the Gulf of Mexico. By the late 1800s, more than 50,000 acres north and west of the lake had been drained and cleared for agriculture (Grunwald, 2006)
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-3 and Everglades National Park com pared to pre-CERP conditions. Additionally, the restoration envisioned sheet flow restoration in WCA-3 rather than conveyance via canals.
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Today, the federal government has listed 78 plant and animal species in South Florida as threatened or endangered, with many more included on state lists. Some distinctive Everglades habitats, such as custard apple forests and peripheral wet prairie, have disappeared altogether, while other habitats are severely reduced in area (Davis and Ogden, 1994; Marshall et al., 2004)
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, is "restoration, preservation, and protection of the South Florida Ecosystem while providing for other water-related needs of the region, including water supply and flood protection." The Programmatic Regulations (33 CFR § 385.3) that guide implementation of the CERP further clarify this goal by defining restoration as "the recovery and protection of the South Florida eco system so that it once again achieves and sustains those essential hydrologic and biological characteristics that defined the undisturbed South Florida ecosystem." These defining characteristics include a large areal extent of interconnected wetlands, extremely low concentrations of nutrients in freshwater wetlands, sheet flow, healthy and productive estuaries, resilient plant communities, and an abundance of native wetland animals (DOI and USACE, 2005)
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. The term ecosystem rehabilitation may be more appropriate when the objective is to improve conditions in a part of the South Florida ecosystem to at least some minimally acceptable level that allows the restoration of the larger ecosystem to advance.
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Continued investment in Everglades restoration proceeds based on improving the current undesirable state of the system rather than toward a specific set of quantitative characteristics desired for the future South Florida ecosystem. An additional factor challenging the ability of the restoration efforts to meet the "essential hydrologic and biological characteristics that defined the undisturbed South Florida ecosystem" is ongoing climate change, including changes in precipitation patterns, sea-level rise, and ocean warming.
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