Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades The Ninth Biennial Review - 2022 (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: STA Performance Summary
Appendix B: STA Performance Summary
Pages 267-282
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From page 267... ...
The limestone contributes to higher calcium content in the inflows compared to the Western Flow Path. Lake Okeechobee can be discharged to the STAs if there is capacity to process these waters, and during the dry season, if water is available to send south, Lake Okeechobee water is used to maintain hydration of STA cells.
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From page 268... ...
of total phosphorus concentrations required by the WQBEL. SOURCES: Data from Chimney, 2014, 2015a, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022a,b; Germain and Pietro, 2011; Goforth et al., 2005; Ivanoff et al., 2012, 2013; Pietro, 2016; Pietro et al., 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010.
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From page 269... ...
The A-1 FEB in many ways acts as a supplemental STA, providing a pre-treatment system by removing approximately 75 percent of inflow TP within the FEB and discharging water with TP concentrations ranging from about 13 to 15 μg/L (calculated as an arithmetic mean; Laham-Pass, 2022; Wakefield, 2021)
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From page 270... ...
, STA-2 produced outflow TP concentra TABLE B-1 Summary of Select Hydrologic and Phosphorus Loading Characteristics of STA-3/4 During Recent 6 Water Years (WY 2017-2022) Adjusted Effective Outflow Phosphorus Hydraulic Treatment Treatment Inflow TP TP Loading Loading Inflow Water Area Area (conc'n)
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From page 271... ...
, including a spike in TP concentrations in outflows in WY 2018 due to disruption to vegetation in Cell 3 including damage by Hurricane Irma. The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD)
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From page 272... ...
. Vegetation management including herbicide spraying to kill floating aquatic vegetation and other undesirable vegetation probably contributed pulses of phosphorus release into the water column, resulting in an increase of outflow TP concentrations (Reddy and Sacco, 1981)
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From page 273... ...
In contrast to the A-1 FEB, which significantly removes phosphorus, phosphorus removal in L-8 FEB is much more modest. After large inflow events, TP concentrations in L-8 FEB spike for weeks, resulting in outflow TP concentrations exceeding inflows.
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From page 274... ...
. High annual average outflow TP concentrations were observed during WY 2018 due to the effects of Hurricane Irma and in WY 2021, when construction activities were ongoing in Cells 5 and 7 and a portion of the inflow water normally delivered to STA-1W was directed to STA-1E due to construction activities in STA-1W.
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From page 275... ...
Current management projects as described above coupled with a reduction in phosphorus and hydraulic loading rates could TABLE B-3 Summary of Select Hydrologic and Phosphorus Loading Characteristics of STA-1E During Recent 6 Water Years (WY 2017-2022) Adjusted Effective Outflow Phosphorus Hydraulic Treatment Treatment Inflow TP TP Loading Loading Inflow Water Area Area (conc'n)
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From page 276... ...
, and average outflow TP concentrations over the 6 most recent years have remained high at 33 μg/L. Recent TP inflow loads (1.3 g/m2-yr over WY 2017-2022)
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From page 277... ...
Appendix B 277 FIGURE B-5 A simplified schematic of STA-1W showing major inflow and outflow water control structures, the treatment area of each cell, flow direction, and dominant/target vegetation types. SOURCE: Modified from Chimney, 2022a.
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From page 278... ...
SOURCES: Data from Chimney, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022a. loading rates and improve overall performance and place STA-1W on a positive trajectory to reduce outflow TP concentrations.
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From page 279... ...
A significant portion of the phosphorus added to these crops is stored in soils and subject to gradual discharge into runoff. Together, these factors result in higher phosphorus concentrations in the C-139 Basin compared to the Central Flow Path (STA-2 and STA-3/4; Figure 4-12)
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From page 280... ...
280 Appendix B FIGURE B-6 A simplified schematic of STA-5/6 showing major inflow and outflow water control structures, the treatment area of each cell, flow direction, and dominant/target vegetation types. SOURCE: Modified from Chimney, 2022a.
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From page 281... ...
, STA-5/6 produced outflow TP concentrations of 17 to 80 μg/L, with 2 out of 10 years meeting the upper annual average limit of the WQBEL (19 μg/L) (Figure 4-10)
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From page 282... ...
Key Operational Factors Affecting Performance in the Western Flow Path An analysis of key operational parameters shows that STA-5/6 faces some similar challenges as STA-1E and STA-1W and some unique challenges: • High inflow TP concentrations; • High early phosphorus loading rates but low loading rates (0.9 g/m2-yr) during the recent 6 years (average = 1.2 g/m2-yr- during the period of record, WY 2004-2022)
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