A History of the National Academy of Medicine 50 Years of Transformational Leadership (2022) / Chapter Skim
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1 The Founding of the Institute of Medicine
1 The Founding of the Institute of Medicine
Pages 3-14
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From page 3... ...
Because such challenges required a multidisciplinary approach, the IOM established a requirement that one-quarter of its members should represent disciplines outside medicine and the biomedical sciences. The IOM's early leaders also demonstrated a keen understanding of the influence of social factors on health, as well as a commitment to an active agenda that serves the needs of the public.
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From page 4... ...
For Page, a leading expert on hypertension and heart disease at Cleveland Clinic, such disputes illustrated the need for a national organization that could speak with independent, nonpartisan authority on questions of health policy. In his 1964 editorial, Page argued that government required the advice of a group of physicians who were "truly representative of excellence in all branches of medicine" and who could provide "decisions of wisdom" (Page, 1964)
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From page 5... ...
They worried in particular about the possibility that government would set prices and enforce national standards that violated the norms of local medical practice. Reflecting these concerns, the AMA, beginning in the late 1930s and the 1940s, had become the leading opponent of proposals for national health insurance, frequently testifying on the subject before Congress.
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From page 6... ...
Irvine Page Convenes Founding Members of the Institute of Medicine In a March 1965 follow-up editorial, Page argued for an academy of medicine that, unlike the AMA, would not be a grassroots organization lobbying for change from the bottom up. Instead, he envisioned an academy that would draw its membership from the "upper, relatively thin layer of the best medical and scientific talent" and would adapt continuously as medical science evolved (Page, 1965)
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From page 7... ...
Seitz made the appointment, setting a precedent for NAS involvement in IOM leadership decisions that would remain until the IOM's reconstitution as an independent academy in 2015. Seitz chose Walsh McDermott, a professor at Cornell Medical School known for his contributions to the development of antibiotics and anti-tuberculosis drugs, to serve as the board's first chair (see Figure 1-3)
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From page 8... ...
. Alonzo Yerby, a physician who served as the first African American Commissioner of Hospitals in New York City, had helped the Johnson BOX 1-1 Members of the Board on Medicine, June 1969 Walsh McDermott, MD, Chair Joseph Murtaugh Ivan L
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From page 9... ...
Its formation garnered national attention, including a front-page story in The New York Times titled "Medical Board Set Up to Speed Benefits of Research to Public." Walsh McDermott was quoted in the article, describing the board as a "good balanced mix of people who could be counted on for dispassionate and expert judgments about a broad range of problems" (Clark, 1967)
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An article in The New York Times noted that five of the six people who had received heart transplants in recent weeks had died. The article quoted McDermott as saying that, while the statement was intended to inform the medical community, "the issues are of such importance to the lay public as well that it is hoped they will take notice" (Clark, 1968)
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From page 11... ...
The debate highlighted issues that would become fundamental to the mission of the IOM and eventually the NAM. For example, the board's stated commitment to examining and responding to important social challenges, such as health disparities and the social determinants of health, did not fit neatly into the scientific method.
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From page 12... ...
The 1971 inaugural class was nominated by the membership subcommittee, approved by the IOM Executive Committee and the NAS president, and invited to join the organization. In addition, members of the NAS's Medical Sciences Section automatically received invitations.
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From page 13... ...
MacLeod, MD Adam Yarmolinsky, LLB Maclyn McCarty, MD Alonzo S Yerby, MD CONCLUSION Despite its long and occasionally contentious path to creation, the IOM found a fruitful home within the NAS complex, where it would remain for the next 45 years.
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