Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure Proceedings of the Phase II Workshop (2022) / Chapter Skim
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2 Research, Observation, and Modeling Needs: The Sun and Heliosphere
2 Research, Observation, and Modeling Needs: The Sun and Heliosphere
Pages 23-35
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From page 23... ...
These presentations specifically addressed three different parts of the statement of task: • Examine trends in available and anticipated observations, including the use of constellations of small satellites, hosted payloads, ground-based systems, international collaborations and data buys, that are likely to drive future space weather architectures; review existing and developing technologies for both research and observations.
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From page 24... ...
" Turner's talk focused on the key findings of a gap analysis conducted by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory for NASA. The explicit task from NASA specified space-based observations can only be considered in the context of improved space weather predictive capabilities and the science of space weather (NASA 2021)
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From page 25... ...
, which affect critical infrastructure on the ground. The NASA report characterized various space weather hazards according to their likelihood and their consequences, and it then combined that risk analysis with other factors, such as scientific merit, to prioritize current space weather observation gap categories.
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She also suggested that space weather would benefit from collaboration with plasma physics researchers, who are already taking advantage of numerical and computational advances, and with Earth scientists, whose atmospheric models are important for understanding how space weather is driven from below. Karpen argued that idealized models will need to be advanced through the use of data assimilation and model coupling as well as through better data-driven models and those incorporating continuous coverage of the solar magnetic field.
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missions directly MIMIS CuSP Sub-L1 Solar Cruiser enabling SpWx research accuracy noe.lugaz@unh.edu NAS – Space Weather Workshop: Phase II April 11, 2022 FIGURE 2-2 Lead time versus accuracy of forecasts using modeling and simulations, remote-sensing observations, and in situ measurements. NOTE: Acronyms defined in Appendix D
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. Whitman closed by saying, "It is critical that operationally supported, high-cadence, reliable and accurate space weather data streams for all phenomena relevant to SEP production are publicly available for operations and the deployment and development of models that require real-time observations." THE SUN The Solar Panel, moderated by committee member Pete Riley, consisted of panelists Todd Hoeksema of Stanford University, Sarah Gibson of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Cooper Downs of Predictive Science Inc., Craig DeForest of the Southwest Research Institute, Valentin Pillet of the National Solar Observatory, and Phil Chamberlin of the University of Colorado.
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SOURCE: Katie Whitman, NASA Johnson Space Center, presentation to workshop, April 11, 2022. FIGURE 2-4 Locations of measurements to prioritize for space weather forecasting.
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This is how all models of the solar corona and solar wind are driven, both space weather/predictive models and first-principles/magnetohydrodynamics models. The time-dependent state of the corona affects the formation of the solar wind, stream interaction regions, and CMEs.
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From page 31... ...
In addition to the global photospheric magnetic field, global imaging of the middle corona was identified as an important missing piece to understand the Sun. For example, understanding the global restructuring of the corona after a CME requires global imaging of the entire corona (i.e., measurements from different viewpoints)
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THE SOLAR WIND The Solar Wind Panel, moderated by committee member Nicholeen Viall, followed the Solar Panel. Its panelists were Joe Borovsky of the Space Science Institute; Vic Pizzo of NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center; Stuart Bale of the University of California, Berkeley; Nick Arge of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center; and Erika Palmerio of Predictive Science, Inc.
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, Ulysses, STEREO A&B plasma observations spaced vantage points used to V&C SW models +PSP, SolO Missing: Out of the plane and widely spaced, strategically located imaging NOTE: 3D = three-dimensional; A = ahead; ACE = Advanced Composition Explorer; B = behind spacecraft; B.C. = boundary conditions; CODEX = Coronal Diagnostic Experiment; DSCVR = Deep Space Climate Observatory; EUV = extreme ultraviolet; Ne = electron density; PHI = Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager; PSP = Parker Solar Probe; PUNCH = Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere; SDO/HMI = Solar Dynamics Observatory's Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager; SOHO = Solar and Heliospheric Observatory; SolO = Solar Orbiter; ST = STEREO = Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory; SW = Solar wind; V&C = validate & constrain; WL = white light.
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. The panel noted that the modeling and predicting of the CME magnetic field are progressing and need to start to transition to operations (including validation)
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From page 35... ...
2021. Space Weather Science and Observation Gap Analysis for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
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