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4 Research, Observation, and Modeling Needs: Ground Effects
Pages 52-56

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From page 52...
... • More observations covering all aspects of extreme events are needed to understand their causes, variability, propagation and evolution, and impact on individual infrastructures, such as power grids. • A dense network of ground-based geophysical measurements, including those provided by the private sector, will be required to better understand and provide high-confidence, long lead-time predictions of geomagnetic disturbances and geomagnetically induced currents.
From page 53...
... A geoelectric hazard analysis combined with the anomalies record associated with the March 1989 geomagnetic storm indicated that if an even more intense storm were to strike the mid-Atlantic and northeastern United States today, it would likely lead to much more serious problems than those seen after that earlier storm. The USGS has a goal to establish a more complete geomagnetic monitoring and to conduct a dense wideband magnetotelluric survey of the mid-Atlantic and northeastern United States.
From page 54...
... The panelists were Adam Schultz of Oregon State University, Jenn Gannon of Computational Physics Inc., Jesper Gjerloev of the Applied Physics Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University, Arnaud Chulliat of the University of Colorado and NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information, Antti Pulkkinen of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, and Anna Kelbert of USGS. The focus of this panel was on geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs)
From page 55...
... Third, the scarcity of global and continuous real-time measurements is a particularly crucial hindrance of space weather forecasting capabilities. A dense network of geophysical observatories, including ones provided or operated by the private sector, will be required to better understand and provide high-confidence, long-lead-time predictions of GMDs and GICs (see also New Architectures panel discussion in Chapter 6)
From page 56...
... GMD task force, one of the main forums attempting to combine and coordinate effort between scientists and engineers for this purpose, was recently reorganized under the Reliability and Security Technical Committee.2 The link between engineers and scientists is crucial for providing rigorous validation of the magnetotelluric data used in GIC applications. There are many possible ways to create a dense observational network: For data distribution, the SuperMAG international collaboration of ground-based magnetometers hosted at the Applied Physics Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University is a good example of an implementation strategy.


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