Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure Proceedings of the Phase II Workshop (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 74-92
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From page 74... ...
• New capabilities are needed for managing the larger data volumes now being produced, including techniques for processing data onboard the spacecraft. As capabilities have steadily increased in areas such as spacecraft development, launch systems, modeling and data analytics, instrumentation, and commercial data product services, the space weather community's view of the future of science mission infrastructure and operations has changed.
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From page 75... ...
The topics they discussed included multi-spacecraft small satellite constellation mission architectures; innovative partnerships, contracting, and procurement mechanisms across government agencies; space and ground infrastructure capabilities; and enabling technologies. In addition, the panelists covered new observational vantage points, measurement concepts and their connections, observational gap analysis, and common instrument suites, all in support of advancing space weather–related solar and heliospheric science and research.
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From page 76... ...
Kasper presented an example mission architecture that could benefit heliospheric science simultaneously with providing a milestone-based reimbursable space weather monitoring capability and data purchase agreement structure for the Department of Commerce and Department of Defense (DoD) (Figure 6-1)
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However, the community concerns about prioritization of scientific versus space weather goals need to be addressed and may require greater flexibility in mission architecture planning. In addition, mechanisms to transition science mission data to operational use, including the reduction of data latency, are key concerns.
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From page 78... ...
. Spacecraft constellations offer new opportunities for space weather research and operations, but they may require changing the processes of how missions are currently designed: Rather than building a single large constellation mission at once, one could deploy constellations over time, which would allow for periodic refreshment, increased lifetime, and rideshare opportunities.
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From page 79... ...
maturation and qualification is as yet not well understood for the constellations; these issues must be addressed to ensure successful heliophysics constellation architectures. New Architectures to Overcome Observational and Modeling Deficiencies In the next presentation, 4p HeliOS Mission Concept to Advance Space Weather Research and Operations, Berger discussed how current observations of the Sun are very limited (Figure 6-4)
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The 4p HeliOS mission concept (Figure 6-6) would advance space weather research and operations by providing full solar coverage more than 80 percent of the time over the mission lifetime.
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In Lepri's presentation, Perspectives from the Heliosphere: ICMEs, SEPs, Suprathermal Particles and the Nature and Structure of the Solar Wind, she emphasized how observational gaps related to ICMEs (interplanetary coronal mass ejections) , shocks, and the bulk solar wind limit the space weather forecasting/nowcasting capability and the understanding of how to derive key parameters, such as time of arrival, duration, and the geo-effectiveness of the structures at Earth.
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From page 82... ...
. While heavy ion composition has shown promise in identifying different solar wind types, the lack of real-time monitoring of the ion composition adversely affects the quality of space weather nowcasting.
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From page 83... ...
Ultimately, the goals of observing the suprathermal and heavy ion components should be to enhance predictive capability, understand the background solar wind, and build a climatology of solar wind parameters. Mission architectures to support those goals would include distributed systems both in and out of the Sun–Earth line.
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From page 84... ...
Vourlidas spoke about the importance of developing architectures that bridge the major gap that exists between solar, heliophysics, and geospace research. In bridging the gap from the solar wind to geospace, care must be taken to implement a "peri-geospace" architecture that would include a system of L1-Earth "cyclers." These dedicated platforms would provide sampling of solar wind conditions off the Sun–Earth line and address the transient scale problem important for space weather.
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While the panel did not explicitly address costs, the requirements they outlined suggested that new ways of managing programs will be needed to increase the efficiency of the building and operations of constellations as well as the efficiency of data delivery. Constellations built by multiple partners and in phases could support development of sustainable mission architectures constructed in affordable steps.
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From page 86... ...
The specific topics discussed by this panel included the role of ground-based research-grade instruments and nontraditional data sources, commercial data acquisition, data fusion and heterogeneous ground-space-based multi-point distributed measurements, and the impact of space weather and situational awareness on the ability to deploy spacecraft safely in low Earth orbit. Infrastructure and Data Systems for New Observations Erickson's presentation was titled Ground-Based Instruments: Considerations for Usable Space Weather Data.
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From page 87... ...
However, Erickson pointed out that foreseeing what the future use of the data might be -- and which metadata that might require -- will be challenging. Advances in space weather predictions will require multiscale observations with networks of sensors.
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From page 88... ...
The different needs of the end users may limit the use of such data sets -- retrospective analysis for scientific advances can be more accommodating than the operationally oriented space weather applications, whose needs require a rigorous approach to data production. Erickson also commented on the workforce development pressures that arise from the need to understand the production-level requirements of the space weather systems.
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From page 89... ...
Millan described ongoing efforts to take advantage of opportunities to gain radiation belt monitoring capability. Given sufficient advance planning and resources, real-time space weather beacons, built based on the experience from the Van Allen Probes, could be realized in collaborations between NASA, NOAA, ( ;5( FIGURE 6-12 Radiation belt environment from the Radiation Belt Storm Probe (RBSP)
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Impact of Commercialization on New Architectures for Space Weather Anderson's presentation, Commercial Data Acquisition for Space Weather, focused on the various challenges of acquiring space weather data from commercial providers. One challenge is that U.S.
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From page 91... ...
Nevertheless, such methods may provide new insights for first-principles models for intense and unusual events. In the panel's final presentation, Space Weather and Space Situational Analysis, Babcock, from Starlink Guidance, Navigation, and Control at SpaceX, provided a commercial perspective on the importance of space weather data for constellation management and collision avoidance in low Earth orbit.
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From page 92... ...
Norton and Baker suggested that public–private partnerships could be used to generate data products that satisfy both science and operational requirements, and that this could be useful in sustaining infrastructure and capabilities for both space weather operations and scientific research. Tomoko Matsuo suggested that a potential way to establish connections between academia and industry would be to have student projects focusing on space weather questions relevant to companies.
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