Preparing for LNG by Rail Tank Car: A Readiness Review (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 71-80
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From page 71... ...
71 6 Emergency Preparedness and Response Emergency preparedness and response planning for hazardous materials is practiced at the local, state, and federal levels and by the chemical and transportation industry to ensure first responders, employees, and transportation personnel are prepared to handle hazardous materials incidents by all modes, including rail. This chapter outlines the likely challenges that moving liquefied natural gas (LNG)
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From page 72... ...
72 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR While most responders will have extensive familiarity with natural gas in pipeline systems, most first responders will not have encountered such incidents involving LNG due to the relatively small volume of LNG shipments. For ethylene, the only other flammable cryogen currently transported by tank car, there were fewer than 300 rail car loads per year over the past 5 years.1 LNG incidents may occur in remote, rural areas with reduced exposure and consequences but limited access to hazardous materials response resources.
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From page 73... ...
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 73 there is little precedent for training materials or incident experience on the transport of LNG by tank car. Current North American experience is limited to small pilot operations in Alaska and Florida that move LNG via portable tanks (i.e., UN-T75)
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From page 74... ...
74 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR communities plan for hazardous materials emergencies.9 Gas companies, manufacturers, LNG storage facilities, and LNG shippers have a responsibility to protect their workers and the community living outside the facility. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
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From page 75... ...
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 75 communities and partnered to establish the Transportation Community Awareness Emergency Response (TRANSCAER) program.
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From page 76... ...
76 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR not just chemical and fuel emergencies, but also weapons of mass destruction, active shooter scenarios, explosive devices, and technical rescue training. The expansion of the hazardous materials response curriculum increased the training requirements for all emergency responders, including the volunteer community.
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From page 77... ...
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 77 LNG Training Programs Two LNG emergency response training programs of note in the United States are in Massachusetts and Texas. When the United States began importing LNG in the 1970s, the Northeast Gas Company and the Massachusetts Firefighting Academy (MFA)
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From page 78... ...
78 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR and employees in contact with LNG in any capacity to pass a qualifying examination.18 Federal Role: Grants, Training, and Guidance PHMSA and the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) support hazardous materials training by providing grants, sponsoring training programs, and issuing guidance.
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From page 79... ...
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 79 preparedness for LNG incident response in Pennsylvania and New Jersey for a proposed LNG rail operation.22 In 2020, PHMSA and FRA established a joint task force (Task Force) to prepare for the risk of transporting LNG by rail as well as other LNG safety measures.
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From page 80... ...
80 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR United States, few first responders have been trained in LNG emergency response and even fewer have been trained in responding to incidents involving LNG transported by rail. Firefighters are not as familiar with LNG and its related containers as they are with other Class 2.1 gases, such as propane, butane, and propylene, and with Class 3 flammable liquids, such as crude oil and ethanol.
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