The National Academies Press

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Pages 89-108

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From page 89... ... 89 The committee reviewed the safety assurance contexts, methods, and practices for liquefied natural gas (LNG) moved by truck and maritime transport, and for transportation access and cargo transfer at LNG facilities in response to its Statement of Task.1 This appendix reviews the most salient areas to the committee's study of moving LNG by tank car. Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... 90 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Read the entire page →
From page 91... ... APPENDIX A 91 Under the Clean Air Act, EPA enforces safety regulations designed to prevent the release of hazardous substances from stationary sources through Risk Management Plans. EPA considers that rail cars sitting on private sidings and storing a covered hazardous substance should be counted toward the threshold amounts that trigger the regulations.8 A Risk Management Plan is to contain a hazard assessment, including analysis of a worst-case scenario, a prevention program, and an emergency response program. Read the entire page →
From page 92... ... 92 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR Report 11 is dedicated to safety and advises the applicant to use a hazard identification and risk management approach for the required analysis. Marine transportation hazards and other transportation hazards within the facility boundaries, alongside the facility, are to be identified. Read the entire page →
From page 93... ... APPENDIX A 93 FERC Regulations and Activities During FERC's review of proposed new or expanded LNG facilities, the applicant must submit information on safety assurance during the facility's operation. Operating, maintenance, safety, and security plans and procedures are to be submitted in adequate detail "to demonstrate that the facilities would be operated and maintained to meet the federal regulations and the level of safety is consistent with the design of the facilities." Operating and maintenance plans are to include descriptions of personnel training and facility training procedures. Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... 94 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR but instead refer generically to a "container," although some required activities apply specifically to tank cars or tank trucks. PHMSA maintenance regulations also require written procedures for the maintenance of each component, including inspections and tests, including for cargo transfer components (49 CFR § 193.2621) Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... APPENDIX A 95 TRUCKING SAFETY ASSURANCE Moving LNG by tank truck comes under federal regulations for hazardous materials and motor carrier safety, with enforcement implemented through federal and state governments. The regulatory approach to safety assurance for operations reflects the large size and the dispersed structure of the commercial motor vehicle industry as well as the industry's utilization of public roads and highways. Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... 96 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR BOX A-1 Continued 4. Emergency response capabilities • In consultation with fire, law enforcement, and highway safety agencies • Proximity of emergency medical services • Capabilities to contain and suppress releases 5. Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... APPENDIX A 97 specific to hazardous materials, that the FMCSA uses to design appropriate interventions to prevent future incidents. Carriers Motor carriers transporting LNG in a cargo tank must maintain a hazardous materials safety permit. Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... 98 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR Transportation Security Administration.17 FMCSA tracks drivers' safety performance in the MCMIS. For pre-employment screening only and with the driver's consent, a carrier can access a driver's crash information for the most recent 5 years and inspection information for the most recent 3 years. Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... APPENDIX A 99 be marked with the relevant information to ascertain and mark a rated holding time and also marked with a one-way travel time calculated according to specifications in 49 CFR § 173.318(g) Read the entire page →
From page 100... ... 100 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR for interventions and enforcement actions. Carriers can also access the system to track their own safety performance. Read the entire page →
From page 101... ... APPENDIX A 101 amendments to the IGC Code came into force in 2016. The IGC Code covers vessel design, construction, and operations.23,24,25 LNG carriers for international trade are also required to comply with the IMO's International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships and the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) Read the entire page →
From page 102... ... 102 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR the different societies. IACS estimates that 90 percent of all commercial tonnage traded internationally is classed through a member society.27 Design and Construction of Waterfront LNG Facilities The U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 103... ... APPENDIX A 103 Responsibilities of Applicant and the U.S. Coast Guard The owner or operator of the proposed facility is responsible for submitting the information and studies that make up the three stages of the WSA. Read the entire page →
From page 104... ... 104 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR Within the zones of concern, the WSA is to analyze critical infrastructure and key assets, shoreside uses and important community structures, and high- and medium-population-density areas. The list of waterway, facility, infrastructure, security, and community factors to be taken into account are listed in Box A-2. Read the entire page →
From page 105... ... APPENDIX A 105 Operations of Vessels and LNG Facilities The U.S. Coast Guard has oversight authority over LNG carrier operations, and FERC and the U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 106... ... 106 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR agencies and industry" to ensure safe and secure operations. A TMP should be specific to the port and its operations.32 Inspections and Monitoring Because LNG is considered a "certain dangerous cargo," LNG carriers must notify the U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 107... ... APPENDIX A 107 transfer, and the contents of the port's Operations Manual and Emergency Manual. The facility operator must certify in writing that the person in charge of transfer has the specified qualifications. Read the entire page →

From page 89...

... 89 The committee reviewed the safety assurance contexts, methods, and practices for liquefied natural gas (LNG) moved by truck and maritime transport, and for transportation access and cargo transfer at LNG facilities in response to its Statement of Task.1 This appendix reviews the most salient areas to the committee's study of moving LNG by tank car.