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Transforming Human Health Celebrating 50 Years of Discovery and Progress (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Metabolism and Bioenergetics: Linking Energy Use to Health
Pages 18-21

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From page 18...
... But research has identified larger patterns and factors that affect metabolism, providing new insights into body weight, metabolic disorders, and the development and progression of disease. Light micrograph showing a section iStock® through a leaf: Each cell contains several round, green vesicles that are known as chloroplasts.
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From page 19...
... the body regulate biochemical processes. A critical Though photosynthesis in bacteria is simpler mechanism in this regulation is phosphorylation, a than in algae and green plants, the commonalities process probed in the late 1980s, in which enzymes among organisms have resulted in greatly increased attach a phosphate group to targeted proteins.
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From page 20...
... Technological advances in mass spectrometry embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane (orange) .The Researcher with mass spectrometer at the in the 1990s made it possible to diagnose dozens lower part is a channel through which protons (yellow dots)
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From page 21...
... Starting in 2008, two related metabolic enzymes were discovered The Progression of to be frequently mutated in cancers of the brain, Multifactorial Disorders bone marrow, and other organs. The mutant With multifactorial diseases, heterogeneous Improved knowledge enzymes produce large quantities of a metabolite combinations of genetic and environmental that prevents cells from activating genes needed factors account for the origins of the disease, but of metabolic processes for cells to mature properly.
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Key Terms

  • book pages
  • adenosine triphosphate
  • molecule adenosine
  • enzyme complex
  • multifactorial diseases

  • steroid hormones
  • factors account
  • target cells
  • prevents cells
  • conversion reaction

  • biochemical molecules
  • regulate biochemical
  • adenosine diphosphate
  • molecule atp
  • regulatory mechanism

  • chemical energy
  • improved knowledge
  • photosynthesis center
  • mitochondrial inner
  • biochemical processes

  • inner membrane
  • mass spectrometry
  • saving therapies
  • physical laboratory
  • atp molecule

  • metabolic disorders
  • stored research
  • frequently mutated
  • atp synthase
  • biochemically altering


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