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Pages 63-90

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From page 63...
... Barlish and Two historical BIM projects, one Two historical non-BIM projects, Sullivan (2012) current BIM project one current non-BIM project features and functionalities to support specific tasks, such as authoring and reviewing models and performing clash detection.
From page 64...
... However, OMB also suggests using a 3.0 percent discount rate to provide a sensitivity analysis, where the lower rate represents the scenario in which project funds would otherwise be invested in alternative public uses. The BIM ROI Tool developed during this study has a default discount rate of 4.0, which is a middle value, but tool users should pick the value most appropriate for their analyses.
From page 65...
... A shorter payback period indicates a larger BCR and a more beneficial investment. As discussed at the beginning of this section, many of the BIM ROI studies identified through the literature review measured ROI as net benefits divided by costs, which is not consistent with BCA metrics.
From page 66...
... These three stages define minimum BIM requirements and milestones to gauge level of BIM adoption (Succar 2010)
From page 67...
... , and a small portion would go to the public. BIM Benefits The research team identified four categories of benefits associated with BIM: • In-house agency cost savings: financial cost savings to the agency at an institutional level that are not attributable to a particular project.
From page 68...
... The BIM ROI Tool includes calculations to monetize 20 benefits; however, several of these benefits require agency data in order to be included in the analysis. Table 4-2 through Table 4-5 list the benefits identified by four categories: in-house agency cost savings, project cost savings, staff time savings, and user benefits.
From page 69...
... design intent Specifically, contractors bidding on construction contracts may reduce bid amounts by removing the risk contingency given the access to 3D models that better communicate the design intent. BP 4 Cost savings from creating This benefit represents the cost savings of creating a visualizations with BIM visualization video with the use of modern 3D modeling software (compared to completing a project visualization without 3D design models of the project)
From page 70...
... Table 4-5.   User benefits from adopting BIM. Code Benefit Name Benefit Definition BU 1 Travel time savings for roadway Reduced road closures translate to fewer days of detours users due to reduced construction for vehicles.
From page 71...
... CO 3 Semi-regular hardware replacement costs (e.g., GPS rovers, drones, robotic stations) CO 4 Cost of external refresher staff trainings CO 5 Opportunity cost of staff time for external refresher trainings CO 6 Opportunity cost of staff time for internal refresher trainings CO 7 Opportunity cost of creating new training materials CO 8 Average cost increase of professional services contracts due to requiring BIM for design CO 9 Cost of hiring additional staff needed for BIM program CO 10 Cost of acquiring digital as-built once project is completed CO 11 Cost to maintain database of digital as-builts benefits.
From page 72...
... Annual Agency Cost Social Discount Model Period of Savings on [X]
From page 73...
... These cost savings are discounted over the model period of analysis to get total discounted project cost savings from improved schedule management. Staff Time Savings Staff time-savings benefits (as shown in Table 4-4)
From page 74...
... The total value of staff time saved is estimated on a per-project basis and is scaled to annual cost savings based on the average number of projects each year requiring BIM. These savings are discounted over the model period of analysis.
From page 75...
... 4.6  Conclusions and Observations The ROI framework described in this chapter was implemented into the Excel-based BIM ROI Tool. This tool calculates the benefits and costs of investing in BIM-related technologies assuming a 10-year period of analysis and a social discount rate of 4.0 percent, though both parameters can be adjusted by the agency.
From page 76...
... For instance, roadway users are expected to receive travel time savings from reduced construction road closures for projects that use BIM techniques to improve schedule management. In other words, by reducing the days of construction, the agency is also able to reduce the days of road closures and therefore reduce congestion for vehicles.
From page 77...
... Out of the 20 quantifiable benefits identified, 9 are staff time savings. This indicates that while there may be more benefits associated with staff efficiencies, the highest value comes from project cost savings and agency cost savings.
From page 78...
... Given these data limitations and the requirements for inputs on the agency context, the BIM ROI Tool provides two options to the user. First, the agency can perform a default analysis, which allows the user to perform a quick ROI analysis based on the data collected for the 6 benefits and 7 costs.
From page 79...
... Are the Benefits of BIM Substantial Enough to Justify the Investment Required by Implementation? Based on the 6 benefits and 7 costs monetized in the BIM ROI Tool, and given several assumptions about agency context, the benefits of BIM do justify the investment.
From page 80...
... This means that investing in software and technologies that allow more opportunities for applying BIM methods provides more avenues for realizing benefits. In particular, agencies that apply BIM techniques throughout the project lifecycle (from delivery through asset management)
From page 81...
... This guide was developed to initiate and direct this planning, while also pointing to some of the most valuable external resources for detailed implementation. 5.2 Introduction To achieve the benefits of leveraging asset data from BIM throughout asset management and future infrastructure projects, an agency must focus on developing a structured lifecycle information management approach.
From page 82...
... Then the project team continuously built upon the existing information by creating a design model. This design model content was required to be used as the foundation for construction model content.
From page 83...
... and confirm that clear PIR are defined to ensure that the necessary information can be collected from various project team members (e.g., designers, constructors, and inspectors)
From page 84...
... The cham pion could be from areas such as asset management, design, or construction, depending on the strengths and experience of the person and departments within the agency. A champion should have the ability to direct funds and staffing as necessary to support the BIM efforts.
From page 85...
... The existing data environment; the as-constructed, as-found existing asset inventory; and existing data sources make up the AIM within the authoritative asset management system. Ideally, the various data sources are related and make up a comprehensive CDE for the asset information.
From page 86...
... 1. Identify lifecycle asset management use cases.
From page 87...
... The details of these BIM uses are defined in Section 3 for plan, design, and construct phases and Section 4 for the operate phase. These use cases are divided into four categories: project delivery core, asset management core, project delivery extensions, and asset management extensions.
From page 88...
... 88    Lifecycle BIM for Infrastructure: A Business Case for Project Delivery and Asset Management Source: Bhargava et al.
From page 89...
... . • Author Design Model: using BIM authoring software to develop a model with 3D and additional attribute information for a road/bridge design, leveraging a library of parametric design elements (Messner et al.
From page 90...
... Uploading any model content created in the design phase to the CDE to share with the design team; 2. Generating 3D models with distinct elements for classified assets; 3.


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