Defining Populations for Dietary Reference Intake Recommendations A Letter Report (2022) / Chapter Skim
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3 Defining the DRI Population
3 Defining the DRI Population
Pages 9-16
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Table 3-1 provides examples of definitions of "healthy populations" adapted from nutrient recommendation reports of various governmental agencies and other health advocacy organizations. Up through the 1989 RDAs, the primary focus was on preventing dietary deficiency diseases by providing adequate amounts of essential nutrients; individuals with chronic diseases were excluded from the apparently healthy population (NRC, 1989)
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They do not cover special nutritional needs arising from metabolic disorders, chronic diseases, injuries, premature birth, other medical conditions, and drug therapies. Data on the role of diet as a causal or contributing factor in chronic and degenerative disease lead to recommendations derived through approaches different from those used in developing RDAs for specific nutrients (NRC, 1989, p.
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. NOTE: DRIs = Dietary Reference Intakes; DRVs = Dietary Reference Values; EFSA = European Food Safety Authority; RDAs = Recommended Dietary Allowances; RNIs = Recommended Nutrient Intakes.
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A strict definition of "healthy" including meeting BMI criteria and eliminating those taking medications for control of chronic disease risk factors would exclude a majority of the U.S. and Canadian adult populations.
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adults > 20 years 42.4 2017–2018 Stierman et al., 2021 U.S. children 2–19 years 19.3 2017–2018 Fryar et al., 2020 Canadian adults ≥ 18 years 27.2 2017–2018 Lytvyak et al., 2022 Canadian children 6–17 years 13.1 2012–2013 Rao et al., 2016 Severe obesity U.S.
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. As an outcome of unhealthy dietary choices, inadequate access to healthy foods, and lifestyle factors, a large and increasing proportion of the general population is at elevated risk of chronic disease or has been diagnosed with chronic disease risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, or hyperglycemia.
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. Individuals with chronic diseases or chronic disease risk factors should be considered as part of the general population unless there is an effect of the disease and/or medications on nutritional status that would alter normal physiologic requirements.
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adults: 2007–2010 Kuklina et al., 2013 cholesterolemia 40–64 years 19 65–74 years 39 Canadian adults: 2016-2019 Statistics Canada, 2021 40–59 years 10 60–79 years 34 Hypertension U.S. adults: 2011–2014 Muntner et al., 2018 55–64 years 17.4 65–74 years 11.0 Canadian adults: 2012–2015 Statistics Canada, 2021 40–59 years 23.2 65–69 years 46.6
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