Planning Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 27-48
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From page 27... ...
27 This chapter provides a comprehensive characterization of freight activities within U.S. cities by focusing on their economies, key supply chains, and freight traffic generated.
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From page 28... ...
28 Planning Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools As defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, a MSA is "that of a core area containing a substantial population nucleus, together with adjacent communities having a high degree of economic and social integration with the core" (U.S.
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Urban and Metropolitan Areas: Economies, Supply Chains, and Freight Activity 29 negative values indicate a service-inclined economy. While some MSAs may be classi ed as serviceintensive, freight activity remains signi cant in all cities.
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30 Planning Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools Figure 10. Location of freight- or service-inclined MSAs.
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Urban and Metropolitan Areas: Economies, Supply Chains, and Freight Activity 31 correlated with each other. The reason is that in freely mobile economies, people move to the metropolitan areas where the economy is good, and employment is high.
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32 Planning Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools The case of Boca Raton deserves specific mention because of its tourist-based economy, its large numbers of restaurants, retail stores, and hotels, and its floating population. As shown, the employment is higher than its population.
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Urban and Metropolitan Areas: Economies, Supply Chains, and Freight Activity 33 correspond to SIS. ese percentages vary depending on the local economy.
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34 Planning Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools employment are Retail Trade and Accommodation and Food Services, both sectors that require high levels of interaction with consumers. The percentage of total establishments and total employment for consumer-oriented sectors is slightly lower than the ones reported in the cities, an indication that these activities are more concentrated in urban areas where the population is also more concentrated.
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Urban and Metropolitan Areas: Economies, Supply Chains, and Freight Activity 35 5.1.3 Geographical Distribution of Economic Activity The analyses of the composition of the economy provide insight into the main contributors of freight activities. However, it is equally important to understand how these economic activities are distributed across the geographic areas.
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36 Planning Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools The distribution of establishments is not homogenous throughout the entire metropolitan area. Most of the large metropolitan areas in the United States have an urban core with a high density of both population and businesses.
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Urban and Metropolitan Areas: Economies, Supply Chains, and Freight Activity 37 MSAs. Clusters 9 and 10 contain the many small MSAs in the United States, with no member of these two clusters having a population over 1 million.
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38 Planning Freight-Ef cient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools its merchandise from a national distributor or supplier, or from the same port in the metropolitan area. In this schema, the national distributor obtained its goods from abroad.
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Urban and Metropolitan Areas: Economies, Supply Chains, and Freight Activity 39 • Distributors are commercial establishments -- mostly warehouses and distribution centers -- that store, process, and distribute supplies from the suppliers to the receivers, and, in some cases, get involved in reverse logistics. They represent the middleman in the supply chains.
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40 Planning Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools – Freight trip production is the number of freight vehicle trips that depart from the establishment to transport cargo to other destinations. Establishments that do not send cargo out or have freight production will not generate freight trip production.
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Urban and Metropolitan Areas: Economies, Supply Chains, and Freight Activity 41 from 7,000 (Cincinnati, Ohio) to 41,000 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
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42 Planning Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools 5.3.2 Breakdown of Freight Activity in Cities by Industry Sector The breakdown among industry sectors in the FIS is shown in Table 8. The patterns shown among all cities are revealing.
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Urban and Metropolitan Areas: Economies, Supply Chains, and Freight Activity 43 N ew Y or k, N Y L os A ng el es , C A Ph ila de lp hi a, P A A us tin , T X W as hi ng to n, D C A lb uq ue rq ue , N M C in ci nn at i, O H Ja ck so n, M S B oc a R at on , F L Population (2016) Total Area (mi2)
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44 Planning Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools more freight trips per establishment than any other sector, with this sector generating 17 to 18 daily trips per establishment in all but the two smallest cities. Wholesale Trade is the next largest sector in terms of per-establishment FTG, with 10 to 12 daily trips per establishment in all cities.
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From page 45... ...
Urban and Metropolitan Areas: Economies, Supply Chains, and Freight Activity 45 N ew Y or k M SA Lo s A ng ele s M SA C hi ca go M SA H ou st on M SA W as hi ng to n, D C , M SA Se at tle M SA Po rt la nd M SA N ew O rle an s M SA A lb an y M SA To led o M SA K in gs po rt M SA Population (2016) Establishments Employment B2B FTG Establishments Employment B2B FTG Establishments Employment 2,848 B2B FTG B2C Deliveries B2C Trips 20,275 550 8,032 2,066 238 3,362 1,910 312 4,670 156 3,041 608 2,674 13,328 358 5,501 1,448 146 2,653 1,342 212 106 1,999 400 1,848 9,546 246 4,264 1,119 109 2,048 1,050 137 2,216 69 1,432 286 1,405 6,798 2,634 1,397 1,237 134 616 60 579 74 37 816 163 779 6,151 2,605 1,675 144 462 48 930 414 95 48 738 148 610 3,803 1,609 99 385 42 759 357 57 849 29 456 91 477 2,423 1,055 50 271 13 534 252 38 521 19 291 58 329 1,271 25 484 122 10 257 114 15 227 7 153 31 152 883 22 376 107 10 172 101 12 204 6 97 19 126 605 14 276 73 7 147 69 7 129 4 67 13 86 306 6 94 29 3 58 28 3 37 1 34 7 36 H ou se ho ld s Total Trips (B2B+B2C)
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From page 46... ...
46 Planning Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools In most MSAs, FIS establishments generate between 6 to 12 daily freight trips per 100 people. The typical establishment generates between 8 and 11 freight trips on any given day, which translates into 0.4 to 0.6 freight trips per employee.
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From page 47... ...
Urban and Metropolitan Areas: Economies, Supply Chains, and Freight Activity 47 the like, which could be resupplied frequently, bypassing the need for storage areas. As the distance from the economic pole increases, the value of land decreases and the amount of land used by business increases, making it possible to receive larger shipment sizes.
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From page 48... ...
48 Planning Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools than service-intensive establishments. In this area, Wholesale Trade and Retail Trade make up a large portion of the total FTG.
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