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Pages 301-316

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From page 301...
... D-1   Supply chains link the places where goods are produced to the places where they are con­ sumed. In modern and complex economies, supply chains can have numerous intermediary points where freight is processed and transferred between vehicles and modes.
From page 302...
... D-2 Planning Freight-Efcient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools located in the Midwest near agricultural regions, however the East and West Coasts consume the largest amount of gasoline. e ethanol will be delivered to the tank farms via rail or truck (U.S.
From page 303...
... Descriptions of Typical Supply Chains D-3   cement. A cement plant is commonly found near a limestone quarry and, ideally, it should be located near a rail facility or port to facilitate transportation.
From page 304...
... D-4 Planning Freight-Efcient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools semi-nished products are stored in warehouses at these facilities. e nished products, which are the packaged drugs, will be distributed by wholesalers to hospitals, mass marketers, pharmacies, and to consumers directly via mail order.
From page 305...
... Descriptions of Typical Supply Chains D-5   D.4 Retail Drug Store Supply Chain e retail drug store supply chain is a process where the product is purchased from a heterogeneous group of vendors, sent to the company's regional distribution center, and then distributed to the specic retail stores served by the distribution center. is process involves the provision of goods from manufacturing facilities that act as suppliers, which are sent to the company's warehouse or a third-party wholesaler that serves as a distributor, and nally are delivered to the pharmacies that are the end receivers.
From page 306...
... D-6 Planning Freight-Efcient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools D.5 Hospital Supply Chain e hospital supply chain is a process that involves inbound supplies from many dierent vendors. Four principal channels are identied: general medical care supplies, pharmaceuticals, food, and miscellaneous (Rhodes et al.
From page 307...
... Descriptions of Typical Supply Chains D-7   and critical products served to the hospital. e essential supplies are moved in daily on xed schedules, usually early in the morning to avoid trac.
From page 308...
... D-8 Planning Freight-Efcient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools D.7 Urban Wholesale Food (Produce) Supply Chain e fresh fruits and vegetables for metropolitan regions are sourced from local agriculture, regional producers, and even international suppliers.
From page 309...
... Descriptions of Typical Supply Chains D-9   wholesale markets. When conducting stakeholder outreach to reduce the number of trips made in the supply chain, wholesale markets may not be able to inuence decisions on the number of trips made to and from the market, although it may be easier to reach out to them because they are smaller in number.
From page 310...
... D-10 Planning Freight-Efcient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools D.9 Big-Box Retailer Supply Chain Figure D-9 illustrates the supply chain schematic for a chain big-box retailer. Big-box stores sell a diverse selection of products that may be sourced domestically or internationally.
From page 311...
... Descriptions of Typical Supply Chains D-11   Legend: Global Metropolitan National/Regional Local Figure D-10. Schematic of retail apparel supply chain.
From page 312...
... D-12 Planning Freight-Efcient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools Legend: Global Metropolitan National/Regional Local Figure D-11. Schematic of waste and recyclables supply chain.
From page 313...
... Descriptions of Typical Supply Chains D-13   no longer only in brick-and-mortar format, but it is also in the form of an online store where the consumer can look through the catalog listed on the company's website. Products are delivered by a third-party carrier.
From page 314...
... D-14 Planning Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools delivery services that require the parcel to be delivered to another country. Parcel deliveries for households typically use air freight instead of sea freight because the consumer expects their package to arrive in a matter of days rather than weeks (International Air Transport Association 2017)
From page 315...
... Abbreviations and acronyms used without denitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration GHSA Governors Highway Safety Association HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012)
From page 316...
... Transportation Research Board 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED ISBN 978-0-309-68720-1 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 6 8 7 2 0 1 9 0 0 0 0

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