Ontologies in the Behavioral Sciences: Accelerating Research and the Spread of Knowledge Digest Version (2022) / Chapter Skim
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4 Ontologies in the Behavioral Sciences
4 Ontologies in the Behavioral Sciences
Pages 17-24
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From page 17... ...
We look first at an example of a formal and explicit ontology that lies on the far right of the continuum of semantic formality shown in Figure 2-1.We then examine three different systems for classifying mental health problems.
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From page 18... ...
This feedback was discussed and incorporated into further refinements of definitions until consensus was reached, and the results were shared with a wider team that included systems architects and computer scientists. The resulting behavioral interventions ontology has two types of behavioral change interventions, each with its own set of associated entities.
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From page 19... ...
Computers potentially can reason about behavioral intervention data to discover new relationships, to develop novel hypotheses, and to expose gaps in the evidence. CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS Three influential classification systems are frequently used in the behavioral sciences: (1)
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From page 20... ...
A Dimensional Classification System: Research Domain Criteria Tying observed or self-reported signs and symptoms at the behavioral phenotypic level more closely to biological processes was the objective when the National Institute of Mental Health developed a new system for categorizing mental disorders. The goal of the resulting system, known as the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)
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From page 21... ...
and provides a framework to understand the nature of mental health and illness in terms of varying degrees of dysfunction in general psychological/biological systems, but it does not represent the same degree of formal specification as other examples with strong semantics. RDoC is intended to facilitate research that investigates fundamental dimensions, grounded in biology, that span multiple disorders (e.g., response to threat, attention, social processes)
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From page 22... ...
A Quantitative Approach: The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology A third approach to the classification of mental disorders uses factor analysis.3 Rather than relying on the consensus of expert committees (as with the DSM) , researchers using this quantitative approach seek to identify consensus from existing studies using factor analysis.
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From page 23... ...
CONCLUSION 3: The classification systems that currently are widely used in the behavioral sciences do not have formal semantics, and therefore they do not readily provide opportunities to support automated reasoning and other artificial intelligence applications. CONCLUSION 4: While ontological systems with the most formal semantic specification offer the greatest opportunities for accelerat ing the behavioral sciences through the use of artificial intelligence, it is not the case that the continuum represents a hierarchy of qual ity.
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