Assessing Intake of Food and Dietary Supplements in Older Adults Proceedings of a Workshop Series (2023) / Chapter Skim
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3 Advances and Key Issues in Dietary Assessment of Older Adults
3 Advances and Key Issues in Dietary Assessment of Older Adults
Pages 29-48
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From page 29... ...
Now in its third decade of data collection, the study has concluded that telephone dietary recalls remain a gold standard for quantifying nutrient and food intake in older adults. Throughout GRAS, a brief dietary screening tool was developed and validated as an ef fective measure of risk for inadequate dietary intake and poor diet quality in older adults; validation in more diverse populations would broaden its reach.
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From page 30... ...
Mitchell, Penn State University, and Carol Boushey, University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center and chair of the workshop planning committee, moderated the second workshop. ASSESSING NUTRITION RISK AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING RURAL OLDER ADULTS: THE GEISINGER RURAL AGING STUDY Mitchell introduced the second workshop's topic and discussed the application and development of methods used in the Geisinger Rural Aging Study (GRAS)
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From page 31... ...
. Mitchell explained that the GRAS objectives -- to characterize dietary patterns and examine relationships between nutrition risk and health outcomes, including BMI, quality of life, diet quality, various comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension)
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32 FIGURE 3-1 Comprehensive evaluations in three sequential representative subsets of the GRAS cohort (n = 21,645)
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From page 33... ...
A validation process that included comparison with four dietary recalls and nutritional status biomarkers determined that the DST is an effective tool for screening dietary intake; it is the first of its kind to be developed for older adults. Mitchell added that the FFQ was sent and collected via mail -- although 75 percent of participants required follow-up telephone calls for incomplete sections -- and was validated relative to four unannounced telephone dietary recalls (Mitchell et al., 2012)
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From page 34... ...
Finally, she confirmed that the DST is a valid, brief, and effective screening tool used to measure dietary risk defined by diet quality and nutrient intakes in older adults, but its validity is mostly limited to the GRAS population. Others could follow the GRAS model to develop, test, and validate the DST to create a brief assessment tool for their own populations.
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From page 35... ...
. Johnson reiterated that as with vitamin D, supplement use appears to be a modifiable risk factor for vitamin B12 status, and a culture's dietary patterns also play a role in its aging population's nutrition risk factors.
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IMPLEMENTING DIVERSE DIETARY ASSESSMENT METHODS AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING ADULTS OR CLINICAL NURSING HOME RESIDENTS Jeanne de Vries, Wageningen University, described her experience with applying different dietary assessment tools in the Netherlands' older population. Older adult populations are heterogenous, she began, with a wide age range (60+ to centenarians)
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From page 37... ...
. When compared with indirect calorimetry, the food record underestimated energy expenditure by 5 percent, and both measures reflected very low daily energy intakes.
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ASSESSING DIETARY INTAKES AMONG OLDER ADULTS FROM DIVERSE POPULATIONS Katherine L Tucker, University of Massachusetts Lowell, discussed assessing dietary intakes of older adults from diverse populations.
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From page 39... ...
. The challenges of 24-hour dietary recalls have led dietary studies to rely primarily on FFQs, which provide long-term measures of usual intake with a single administration.
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From page 40... ...
FFQs are designed to capture the diet of the majority group and make compromises by grouping foods and making assumptions about their relative consumption. For example, an FFQ cannot include an exhaustive list of fruits and so may have a category for "other fruits," which are assigned a weighted average and corresponding nutrient values based on population dietary intake data.
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From page 41... ...
She maintained that despite the desire for quick, inexpensive methods, such shortcuts do not exist when the goal is to ensure validity in intakes of different populations under study. USING TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO RECORD DIETARY INTAKES AMONG OLDER ADULTS Marie Kainoa Fialkowski Revilla, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, discussed the use of technological approaches to record dietary intakes among older adults.
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From page 42... ...
A popular automated method is the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24™) , a free, web-based and mobile-ready tool that can perform multiple, automatically coded, self-administered 24-hour diet recalls and/or single or multiday food records (NIH National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Control & Population Sciences, 2022)
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From page 43... ...
. Fialkowski Revilla shared an incidental finding in one of her studies; grandparents were serving as surrogate reporters of infant dietary intake, which was collected via mobile food record.
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From page 44... ...
She noted that observers could ask kitchen staff for information about recipes and portion sizes. Another planning committee member shared her experience collecting weighted food records in a long-term care facility, which she said was "extremely labor-intensive but incredibly worthwhile" in terms of the rich data obtained.
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2017. Reported energy intake accuracy compared to doubly labeled water and usability of the mobile food record among community dwelling adults.
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2018. Comparison of self-reported dietary intakes from the automated self-administered 24-h recall, 4-D food records, and food-frequency questionnaires against recovery biomarkers.
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From page 47... ...
2022. Temporal patterns of eating by mode of data collection from the baseline dietary intakes of participants in the Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Study.
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