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Pages 55-105

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From page 55...
... support focused R&D programs to enhance manufacturing in small and medium manufacturers. Their programs are opportunities to expand topics into advanced manufacturing, and to reach increased numbers of undergraduate engineering students and faculty.
From page 56...
... Support from industry or government for capstone projects, especially those that involve direct exposure to advanced manufacturing, is a prime example of an existing support path that can be strengthened. New Opportunities for Industrial Support Adjunct Roles for Industry Engineers in Academia Many academic engineering programs would benefit from more manufacturing experience among their faculty, instructors, and advisors.
From page 57...
... Develop Capstone Project Portfolios for Advanced Manufacturing Capstone projects -- or other project courses -- are an ideal way to introduce advanced manufacturing, usually as three-dimensional (3D) printing.
From page 58...
... Recommendation 4.4: The manufacturing institutes, in conjunction with industry and academic collaborators, should develop a portfolio of "capstone projects" that present students with a range of problems in real advanced manufacturing. The projects should span a range of difficulty and of advanced manufacturing services (and/or equip ment)
From page 59...
... 2023, increasing to $13.8 billion in FY 2027. The law authorizes $1.85 billion for the TIP directorate in FY 2023, increasing to $5.1 billion in FY 2027, at which point it will be 27 percent of the total agency budget.11 Plans for the directorate highlight advanced manufacturing, supplementing support from other NSF directorates.12 The new directorate is a paradigm shift for NSF (see Table 4-6)
From page 60...
... Advanced manufacturing, with about 100 concept outlines, was the most popular topic of interest. It is not clear at this point whether RIE or other TIP programs will have focused topics or open solicitations or a combination of both.
From page 61...
... In all TIP programs, there are opportunities to support advanced manufacturing in undergraduate engineering education. For example, TIP could support industry internships and work-study programs.
From page 62...
... The participants should include at least one major defense company in the region, small and medium sized defense supply companies, educational insti tutions that offer advanced manufacturing courses at the bachelor's level, and community colleges. Focusing MEP and IAC on Advanced Manufacturing for the Defense Industrial Base There are several government programs that provide technical assistance to small and medium manufacturers and an opportunity for undergraduate engineering students to obtain practical experience in an industrial setting.
From page 63...
... DOE Industrial Assessment Centers The DOE Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) supports R&D projects, R&D consortia, and early-stage technical partnerships with national laboratories, companies (for-profit and not-for-profit)
From page 64...
... Both NIST MEPs and Department of Energy industrial assessment centers (IACs) should grow their support for advanced manufacturing and for undergradu ate engineering students and faculty.
From page 65...
... A fellowship for advanced manufacturing students could be a 2-year program beginning in the student's junior year. It would cover tuition, room and board expenses, and a summer internship doing applied research at the home institution, a service laboratory, military facilities such as arsenals, or a national laboratory.
From page 66...
... (See Recommendation 4.2.) Recommendation 4.8: The National Science Foundation should facili tate network access by undergraduate engineering students and fac ulty to industrial-quality advanced manufacturing services.
From page 67...
... • Industry engineers serving as adjunct advisors to capstone projects (Recommendation 4.2) • Advanced manufacturing services, probably offered via internet access to "remote factories" (Recommendation 4.8)
From page 68...
... Advanced manufacturing generates innovations in two ways: in existing manufacturing techniques, equipment, and software, and in novel manufacturing approaches, tools, and processes. This report makes recommendations for improving undergraduate education in advanced manufacturing given the state of today's advanced manufacturing technologies and their propagation in education and industry.
From page 69...
... Traditional factory machinery is usually introduced in engineering education programs, but new equipment and processes -- such as in advanced manufacturing -- will require the designer to learn both basics and details. While some of this information will be covered by instruction manuals or online training, ultimately the designer will need to ask questions and take advice from the engineers or technicians in the factory, seeking facts, ideas, and suggestions.
From page 70...
... It is a way to evaluate and recruit a student while also help ing the student. • Vendors of advanced manufacturing equipment and software pub lish tutorials, specifications, manuals, and application notes on the network.
From page 71...
... Despite rapid developments and improvements, the fundamental techniques emerging in advanced manufacturing, especially in additive manufacturing, digital control, and robotics, and their influence on engineering design, seem certain to endure. A comprehensive undergraduate education that covers these fundamentals will make it easier for an engineer to adapt to evolving changes, such as: • New additive manufacturing methods, many of which are mod est derivatives of those already introduced.
From page 72...
... Engineers will have to have greater knowledge of, and participation in, the development, characterization, testing, and applications of materials, many of which will be new. Applied research will be important in evolving advanced manufacturing.
From page 73...
... While U.S. activities are much less fully developed than the German system exemplified by the Fraunhofer institutes, advanced manufacturing and engineering students will benefit from the growth of applied research.
From page 74...
... In the future, modeling and simulation of digital twins are envisioned to eventually reduce product testing and validation requirements, manufacturing risk, and overall product development cost and span. Lockheed Martin sees digital twin models increasing in size and scope as a product is developed, manufactured, and operated (see Figure 5-1)
From page 75...
... SOURCE: Lockheed Martin, "Visualizing the Digital Thread = Digital Twins at Lockheed Martin," https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/ 75 news/features/2021/visualizing-the-digital-thread-and-digital-twins.html, accessed October 4, 2022.
From page 76...
... and the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) define a digital twin as A set of virtual information constructs that mimics the structure, con text and behavior of an individual/unique physical asset, or a group of physical assets, is dynamically updated with data from its physical twin throughout its life cycle and informs decisions that realize value.a The objective of a digital twin is to develop a virtual model of a real object or process that records its properties with enough fidelity to use the twin as its substitute for a variety of analyses.
From page 77...
... Only trial, error, and experience will show the trade-offs between model complexity and effectiveness. Digital threads and twins are the principal themes of Industry 4.0, a collection of innovations that are sometimes characterized as "The Fourth Industrial Revolution." a This definition mentions only physical assets and not processes; there is some variation in definitions, but the principles and objectives are the same.
From page 78...
... The more mature the digital twins, the fewer disruptions during the product development cycle, thus reducing manufacturing costs and span times. Digital twins can be very simple, or complex comprehensive models of large products.
From page 79...
... Current lack of sufficiently sophisticated tools and techniques for modeling and simulation are among the principal limitations of the "dream" of digital twins. Digital Data Management and Infrastructure For small teams or simple designs, the complexity of the associated digital data files is modest.
From page 80...
... • Techniques for modeling engineering processes and products, of the sort used in digital twins, could be covered and practiced in engineering programs. MATLAB examples can introduce modeling and simulation, but asking students to make a small modification to a large-scale model can build an appreciation of the difficulty of modeling with the scale and precision required by digital twins.
From page 81...
... A major role for industry is to inspire every new wave by showcasing its huge assortment of exciting innovations, including advanced manufacturing. In the introduction to this report, the committee sketched a vision of a collaborative, interdisciplinary engineering future: a culture of engineers -- both academic and industrial -- who continuously embrace advanced manufacturing innovations and ramifications, such as in new materials and design opportunities, and who work together to couple design and manufacturing in an engineering ecosystem.
From page 83...
... Appendixes
From page 85...
... An ad hoc committee will consider advanced manufacturing technologies of most interest to commercial and defense industrial base (DIB) manufacturers and plan and conduct a workshop to explore the needs of the DIB and to highlight exemplary practices of advanced manufacturing treatment in undergraduate engineering education.
From page 86...
... What are DIB expectations for engineering graduates with respect to advanced manufacturing technologies and manufactur ing processes? Are practicum experiences such as capstone courses, thesis work, industry internships, or co-op programs favored?
From page 87...
... . The workshop agenda will include an overview of the current state of the use of advanced manufacturing techniques in capstone design and other engineering courses, discussions on how to bridge identified gaps between the technologies used in the DIB and those used by undergraduate engineering students, and effective practices for infusing the former in capstone design and other engineering courses.
From page 88...
... of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine sponsored a workshop, Infusing Advanced Manufacturing into Engineering Education. The workshop was held as part of the information-gathering process being carried out by an NAE committee working on the project Strengthening the Talent for National Defense: Infusing Advanced Manufacturing in Engineering Education Through Capstone Design Courses.
From page 89...
... As part of the study, the committee had been asked to conduct a workshop to explore the needs of the defense industrial base and to examine ways in which undergraduate engineering education could facilitate the adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies. The 2-day virtual workshop had been divided into four sections, Savitz explained, two on each day.
From page 90...
... This is how the public will see a return on this investment in basic research." The workshop offered a unique opportunity to improve manufacturing education, he said. "We can learn from different sides and angles and integrate concepts for the teaching and advancement of manufacturing methods." In particular, he said, he was looking for the workshop participants to carry out "thoughtful discussions" concerning the best ways to prepare future engineers with the knowledge and expertise they will need to take advantage of advanced manufacturing technologies to help create a stronger and more sustainable future for this country.
From page 91...
... Those are the questions that the workshop should address, she said. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING Because the workshop was focused on infusing advanced manufacturing into engineering education, understanding the workshop's discussions requires first having a clear sense of what advanced manufacturing is.
From page 92...
... José Zayas-Castro of the National Science Foundation (NSF) listed a number of specific areas being supported by the foundation's Advanced Manufacturing program, which provides support for researchers doing work in the area of advanced manufacturing.
From page 93...
... Perhaps the most commonly mentioned example of an advanced manufacturing process during the workshop was additive manufacturing. This is a broad term that refers to a process in which an object is created by building it up, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing, where one starts with a solid block of metal or other material and removes pieces of it through machining or other techniques to create the desired shape.
From page 94...
... Chapter 2 examines the state of manufacturing engineering education mainly from the perspective of academics and educators involved in training engineers and others who will go into the manufacturing workforce. Chapter 3 provides an industry perspective on the workforce needs of advanced manufacturing, while Chapter 4 looks at government and nonprofit institute efforts to improve manufacturing and manufacturing education, with a particular focus on advanced manufacturing.
From page 95...
... Fulton Schools of Engineering as the largest and most comprehensive engineering school in the United States and noted that those schools offer a variety of opportunities beyond the classroom, including undergraduate and graduate research, peer mentoring, entrepreneurship, student organizations, internships, and community service. In particular, he said, "The newest of the Fulton Schools is the School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, which prepares graduates to tackle the next generation of engineering challenges essential to sustaining global economic growth, strengthening supply chains, and transforming manufacturing systems." Squires began by saying that he hoped to offer some context for the discussions in the rest of the workshop.
From page 96...
... About one-third of the 7,000 students in ASU's Barbara and Craig Barrett Honors College are engineering students. There are 25 undergraduate degree programs and more than 50 graduate programs in engineering.
From page 97...
... The new structure enables connections that "drive research forward in new and creative ways" and increases responsiveness to opportunities both internal and external to the university, Squires said. Furthermore, the 2009 realignment was crucial in making the establishment of the manufacturing school possible.
From page 98...
... For example, one of the largest residence halls on campus is for engineering students. "We teach classes there," Squires said.
From page 99...
... More generally, Squires continued, the new manufacturing school is intended to combine research, academic programs, faculty expertise, and industry partners to address the next-generation challenges that will define the future of manufacturing. There will be many such challenges, and Squires offered examples from three specific areas: process science and engineering; robotics and automation; and data analytics, cyber, and artificial intelligence.
From page 100...
... "They do not necessarily need engineering degrees, but we are vital to providing the modern set of skills and training to enable those graduates to thrive." UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION IN MANUFACTURING AT FOUR INSTITUTIONS Session 3 was moderated by Sundar Krishnamurty, the Isenberg Distinguished Professor in Engineering at the University of Massachusetts Amherst; Chi Okwudire, an associate professor at the University of Michigan; and David Parekh, the chief executive officer of SRI International. The basic issues to be addressed were what advanced manufacturing technologies are taught in undergraduate education, how capstone courses address advanced manufacturing technologies, what advanced manufacturing technologies are most important to industry, and the best practices and exemplary engineering courses that incorporate advanced manufacturing technologies.
From page 101...
... Furthermore, the manufacturing engineering program offers a number of service courses across the school's engineering curriculum, and not only mechanical engineering students but also those majoring in aeronautical engineering, biomedical engineering, and materials engineering take many of the courses provided by the manufacturing program. The engineering students at Cal Poly are somewhat different from those in other schools, Fleischer said, in that they come into the program looking for hands-on learning.
From page 102...
... After the students have mastered different techniques, they combine them to create machines from scratch. The manufacturing program is also integrating advanced manufacturing into its curriculum, Fleischer said, mentioning specifically additive manufacturing and multi-axis CNC machining and modeling.
From page 103...
... "It is one of the biggest departments in the country, and obviously that shapes out the curriculum that we have." With that, Aguilar began addressing the questions that had been asked of each of the panelists, beginning with how the department incorporates advanced manufacturing technologies into its undergrad curriculum. The existing curriculum actually has very little room in which to introduce advanced manufacturing topics, he said, although manufacturing is covered to a certain degree in such courses as Principles of Materials and Manufacturing as well as Materials and Manufacturing, and students in the department's capstone courses can choose to have an engineering laboratory.
From page 104...
... Either way, Aguilar added, the department takes into consideration the input it gets from industry and sees advisory boards as instrumental in helping the program keep track of industry trends, "and we do everything we can to try to adapt our curriculum to the current needs." In response to a question about what the department is hearing from its alumni who have gone into manufacturing, Aguilar said that most of them are still adapting to the new advanced manufacturing way, and they offer insights into the sorts of changes that will need to be made to the curriculum to better prepare students for work in advanced manufacturing. Over the short term, the needed training can be carried out with co-ops, directed studies, internships, and the like; the problem with this approach is that these are accessible to only some of the students.
From page 105...
... Finally, he spoke about what steps are needed to better integrate advanced manufacturing into undergraduate engineering education. It will take, he predicted, a "big infusion of resources to make advanced manufacturing training devices accessible to the many students we train now nationwide." However, he added, this is not something that many institutions will be able to afford, at least not at the necessary scale, and so the best approach may be to partner with industry and with government to provide the sort of equipment necessary to expose students to advanced manufacturing as part of their education.


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